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Sumario Embriologia del sistema endocrino resumen
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Embriologia del sistema endocrino, hipófisis, tiroides, paratiroides, glándulas suprarrenales, páncreas.
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SISTEMA ENDOCRINOHIPOFISIS
La hipófisis o glándula pituitaria se desarrolla a partir de dos partes distintas: una protrusión
ascendente del techo ectodérmico del estomodeo (cavidad oral primitiva), por delante de la
membrana bucofaríngea (Bolsa de Rathke), y una protrusión descendente del diencéfalo:
infundíbulo. Durante la tercera semana la Bolsa de Rathke crece dorsalmente hacia el
infundíbulo, y al final del segundo mes pierde conexión con la cavidad oral, uniéndose por
completo al infundíbulo en la quinta semana. Origen ectodérmico. Durante la sexta semana
se degenera la conexión del divertículo con la cavidad oral.
Las células de la pared anterior de la Bolsa de Rathke aumentan formando así el lóbulo
anterior de la hipófisis o adenohipófisis, que posee células epiteliales, la parte tuberal de
este lóbulo crece a lo largo del infundíbulo y lo rodea, mientras que la pared posterior se
convierte en la parte intermedia. Por otro lado, el infundíbulo da origen al tallo, eminencia
media y al lóbulo posterior de la hipófisis o neurohipófisis, la cual posee células de la
neuroglia. El funcionamiento de la hipófisis se da a partir de la semana 13.
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