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Analysis of Markschemes

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Analysis of AQA march schemes for the Cicero exam. These notes include any information that can be useful to develop your essays using information directly from past mark schemes, this ensures you are providing information the examiner wants making it easier to mark your essay and therefore easier ...

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  • February 20, 2017
  • 5
  • 2015/2016
  • Class notes
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Cicero – Mark schemes
Early years

Political structure



Trial of Roscius

 Cicero’s first criminal case on the charge of parricide
 First case in Sulla’s new extortion court
 Cicero did not produce hard evidence but gave arguments based on probability
o ‘cui bono?’
o Showed how Chrysogonus would profit from the proscriptions
o Persuaded jury Sulla had no knowledge of his freedman
 Cicero presented himself as a champion of justice against corruption
o Willing to take on dangerous cases in favour of the under dog
 Aimed to promote his success so that he could take on more cases
o Extend clientela
 Plutarch says Cicero had to leave Rome in fear of Sulla’s revenge
o Cicero claimed it was to improve his oratorical stamina

Verres Trial

 Hortensius was the defence lawyer
 Cicero had previously acted as Deputy Governor in Sicily during his time as quaestor
 Verres wanted to delay the trial due to the games held for Pompey for defeating Sertorius

Tactics used by Cicero

 Called witnesses immediately
 Gathered evidence in 50 days
 Gathered evidence in person

The Speech

Defence plan involved corruption rather than ‘ingenuity’

 Claims he was fearful of the traps laid by Verres on land and sea
 Hyperbolically raises fear that Verres with money is seeking to ‘ensnare’ Senatorial Order and therefore the
world
 Refers to Verres’ diversionary tactics by arranging the trial of the governor of Achaia
 Claims Verres bribed the judges
 Curio had congratulated Verres when Hortensuis was elected Consul and Metellus was elected Praetor
 Claims agent of Verres tried to bribe him with ‘baskets full of Sicilian coins’
o No real evidence
 Suggests Verres was taking advantage of the recent succession of games to delay the trial until the consul
and president court are full of his supporters
o More supposition than evidence
 Convinces through his coherence of his tale of scandal and conspiracy
 Acts in the defence of the republic



How the trial advanced his career and uncovered the truth?

 Cicero had built up a clientela in Sicily in Sicily
o Promised to take Verres to trial

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