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Samenvatting - Penologie En Penitentiair Recht

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Dit is een volledige samenvatting van het vak penologie en penitentiair recht . Inclusief gastcolleges exclusief bijhorende teksten. In eerste zit geslaagd met 14/20 (door alleen deze samenvatting te gebruiken)

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  • June 28, 2023
  • 160
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

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By: manonvermuytenmv • 11 months ago

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PENOLOGIE & PENITENTAIR RECHT
2022-2023




1

,1.INTRODUCTIE ...........................................................................................................................................................10

1.1 WAT IS PENOLOGIE? ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.2 STRAFFEN ALS COMPLEX GEGEVEN ..................................................................................................................................... 10
1.3 BEGRIPPEN ................................................................................................................................................................... 11
1.4 PENOLOGIE EN PENITENTIAIR RECHT ................................................................................................................................... 11
1.5. DOEL VAN DE CURSUS .................................................................................................................................................... 12

2. STRAFFEN: EEN PENOLOGISCHE INTRODUCTIE ........................................................................................................12

2.1 JURIDISCHE INDELING ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.1 Belangrijkste hoofdstraffen in BE ....................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.2 Subsidiaire of bijkomende straffen .................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.3 Vervangende straffen ........................................................................................................................................ 13
2.2. TOEPASSING VAN DE STRAFFEN: HOEVEEL STRAFFEN ER WORDEN OPGELEGD DOOR DE RECHTERS .................................................. 13
2.3. EVOLUTIE VAN DE STRAFFEN: INDEXEN .............................................................................................................................. 13
2.4. ENKELE BELANGRIJKE PUNTEN MBT GEMEENSCHAPSGERICHTE STRAFFEN .................................................................................. 13
2.5. BELANGRIJKE KWESTIES ALS WE NADENKEN OVER STRAF ....................................................................................................... 14

1. DE DOODSTRAF .......................................................................................................................................................15

1.1. ENKELE BELANGRIJKE BEGRIPPEN ...................................................................................................................................... 15
1.2. INTERNATIONAAL VERDRAG INZAKE BURGERLIJKE EN POLITIEKE RECHTEN .................................................................................. 15
1.3. DE DOODSTRAF IN CIJFERS............................................................................................................................................... 16
1.4. SCHENDINGEN INTERNATIONALE VERDRAGEN ..................................................................................................................... 16

2. DE DOODSTRAF IN EUROPA .....................................................................................................................................16

2.1. DE ABOLITIONISTISCHE BEWEGING .................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2. HUIDIGE SITUATIE ......................................................................................................................................................... 17

3. DE DOODSTRAF IN BELGIË.......................................................................................................................................17

4. DE DOODSTRAF BINNEN DE VERENIGDE STATEN VAN AMERIKA .............................................................................17

4.1. DISCRIMINATIE EN RACISME ............................................................................................................................................ 17
4.1.1. Ndulue, 2020 ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.2. DE ROL VAN HET AMERIKAANS HOOGGERECHTSHOF ............................................................................................................ 18
4.3. VS: DE PUBLIEKE OPINIE OVER DE DOODSTRAF .................................................................................................................... 18
4.4. PUBLIEKE OPINIE IN ANDERE LANDEN................................................................................................................................. 18
4.5. GALLUP POLL ............................................................................................................................................................... 19
4.6. DE DOODSTRAF PRO-CONTRA ......................................................................................................................................... 19
4.6.1. Focus vergelding ............................................................................................................................................... 19
4.6.2. Focus afschrikking ............................................................................................................................................. 20
4.6.3. Focus neutralisatie ............................................................................................................................................ 20
4.6.4. Focus discriminatie............................................................................................................................................ 20
4.6.5. Focus kostprijs ................................................................................................................................................... 21

5. INTERNERING...........................................................................................................................................................21

5.1. GESCHIEDENIS .............................................................................................................................................................. 21
5.1.1. Voor 1930: bestond er geen internering ........................................................................................................... 21
5.1.2. Kritiek → Wet op Bescherming van de maatschappij 1930 .............................................................................. 21
5.1.3. Wet van 1930 .................................................................................................................................................... 22
5.1.4. Kritiek op wet 1930 ........................................................................................................................................... 22


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, 5.1.5. Reactie wet van 1964 ........................................................................................................................................ 22
5.1.6. Interneringswet 2007 ........................................................................................................................................ 23
5.1.7. Verandering in de praktijk................................................................................................................................. 23
5.1.8. Internationale kritiek op België nam toe .......................................................................................................... 24
5.2. WET 5 MEI 2014 BETREFFENDE DE INTERNERING ................................................................................................................ 24
5.2.1. Doelstelling van interneringsmaatregel ............................................................................................................ 24
5.2.2. Wanneer internering ......................................................................................................................................... 25
5.2.3. Expertenverslag Art 5. ....................................................................................................................................... 25
5.2.4. Uitvoeringsfase ................................................................................................................................................. 26
5.2.5. Na interneringsbeslissing: kamer voor Bescherming van de maatschappij (KBM) ........................................... 26
5.2.6.Internering voor veroordeelden ......................................................................................................................... 27
5.3. PRAKTIJK ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27
5.3.1. Kritiek EHRM (Arrest april 2021) ....................................................................................................................... 27
5.3.2. Intra en extrapenitentiair: Seynaeve et al, 2018 ............................................................................................... 28

1. GEDACHTE EXPERIMENT: .........................................................................................................................................29

2. VERSCHILLENDE NIVEAUS VAN DOELSTELLINGEN: ...................................................................................................29

3. INSTRUMENTELE DOELSTELLINGEN .........................................................................................................................29

3.1 STRAFTHEORIËN INHOUD OVERZICHT .................................................................................................................................. 29
3.1.1. Retributivisme ................................................................................................................................................... 30
3.1.1.1 Retributivisme: metafysische vergelding (E.Kant) .......................................................................................................... 30
3.1.1.2. Retributivisme: Empirische vergelding .......................................................................................................................... 30
3.1.1.3. Retributivisme: Just desert (Von Hirsch) →Box 1 .......................................................................................................... 31
3.1.2. Utilitarisme (= consequentialisme) cf. BEntham ............................................................................................... 31
3.1.2.1. utilitarisme: generale preventie: ................................................................................................................................... 31
3.1.2.2. Utilitarisme: Afschrikking: onderzoek → Box 2 ............................................................................................................. 31
3.1.2.3. Utilitarisme: Speciale (individuele) preventie: ............................................................................................................... 32
3.1.3. Resocialisatie, re-integratie en rehabilitatie ..................................................................................................... 32
3.1.3.1. Resocialisatie, re-integratie en rehabilitatie → (box 3) ................................................................................................. 32
3.1.4.Herstelbenadering ............................................................................................................................................. 33
3.2. HYBRIDE MODELLEN ...................................................................................................................................................... 34

4. RECIDIVE/EFFECTIVITEIT ..........................................................................................................................................34

4.1. EMPIRISCH ONDERZOEK .................................................................................................................................................. 34
4.1.1. Recidiveonderzoek ............................................................................................................................................ 34

5. INTRINSIEKE DOELSTELLING .....................................................................................................................................35

5.1. Historische evolutie .............................................................................................................................................. 35

6. ORGANISATORISCHE DOELSTELLINGEN ...................................................................................................................35

7. CONFLICTERENDE DOELSTELLINGEN ........................................................................................................................36

7.1. TUSSEN ORGANISATIONELE DOELSTELLINGEN ...................................................................................................................... 36
7.2. ORGANISATIONELE VS. INSTRUMENTIËLE EN INTRINSIEKE DOELSTELLINGEN ............................................................................... 36
7.3. TUSSEN INSTRUMENTELE DOELSTELLINGEN ........................................................................................................................ 38
7.4. TUSSEN INTRINSIEKE DOELSTELLINGEN ............................................................................................................................... 39
7.5. INSTRUMENTELE VS. INTRINSIEKE DOELSTELLINGEN .............................................................................................................. 39

8.CONCLUSIE ...............................................................................................................................................................40

VORIGE LES ..................................................................................................................................................................41

3

, UITGANGSPUNTEN VAN DEZE LES ...............................................................................................................................41

1. DEEL 1: MAATSCHAPPELIJKE ASPECTEN VAN PENALITEIT .....................................................................................41

1.1 DAVID GARLAND (1990) ................................................................................................................................................ 41
1.1.1 Durkheims expressief perspectief (1868-1917) ................................................................................................. 42
1.1.2 Marxistisch sociaal-economisch perspectief ...................................................................................................... 43
1.1.3 Webers rationaliseringsperspectief ................................................................................................................... 44
1.2 FOUCAULTS DISCIPLINERINGSPERSPECTIEF ..................................................................................................................... 44
1.3 ELIAS’ PSYCHOSOCIAAL PERSPECTIEF................................................................................................................................... 45

2. CONCLUSIE ...........................................................................................................................................................46

3. DEEL 2: BESTRAFFING ALS MAATSCHAPPELIJKE EN PENALE CONSTRUCTIE: .........................................................46

3.1 UITGANGSPUNTEN ................................................................................................................................................... 46
3.2. BESTRAFFING ALS MAATSCHAPPELIJK CONSTRUCTIE .............................................................................................................. 47
3.3. BESTRAFFING ALS SOCIALE CONSTRUCTIE ............................................................................................................................ 47
3.4. EXTERNE FACTOREN ....................................................................................................................................................... 47
3.4.1.Demografische en economische ontwikkelingen: .............................................................................................. 47
3.4.2. Criminaliteit ...................................................................................................................................................... 49
3.5. INTERNE FACTOREN ....................................................................................................................................................... 49
3.5.1. SRS en Beleid: ................................................................................................................................................... 50
3.5.2. selectiviteit van de strafrechtsbedeling ........................................................................................................... 50
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
3.6. INTERMEDIAIRE FACTOREN 1 PUBLIEKE OPINIE, MEDIA, POLITIEK: .......................................................................................... 51
3.6.1 POlitiek en demografische/economische ontwikkelingen ................................................................................. 51
3.6.2 Politiek / Penaal beleid ...................................................................................................................................... 51
3.6.3 “Publieke opinie”, Media en criminaliteit .......................................................................................................... 51

4. CONCLUSIE ...........................................................................................................................................................52

1. VOOR 1830 ..........................................................................................................................................................53

2. CELLULAIR SYSTEEM VANAF 1830 ...........................................................................................................................54

2.1 E. DUCPÉTIAUX.............................................................................................................................................................. 54

3. INTERBELLUM: OPKOMST POSITIVISME ...................................................................................................................56

4. NA WOII:..................................................................................................................................................................57

4.1. OPKOMST GEMEENSCHAPSREGIME ................................................................................................................................... 57
4.2. START HUMANISERINGSBEWEGING ................................................................................................................................... 57
4.3. CLASSIFICATIE VAN GEDETINEERDEN (VEILIGHEID ALS CRITERIUM) ........................................................................................... 58
4.4. RESOCIALISERINGSBEWEGING (INTERNATIONAAL) ................................................................................................................ 58
4.5. JAREN 70: VERANDEREND PENITENTIAIR LANDSCHAP............................................................................................................ 59
4.6. PENITENTIAIRE BEROERING IN JAREN 1970 ........................................................................................................................ 59

5. VANAF JAREN 1980: BELANGRIJKE THEMA’S ...........................................................................................................60

6. HOE MEER ZIELEN HOE MEER VREUGDE? (SNACKEN 1989) ......................................................................................60

7. GEVANGENISOVERBEVOLKING ................................................................................................................................61

7.1 OVERBEVOLKING: JAREN 1980 ......................................................................................................................................... 61
7.2 VANAF DE JAREN 1990 ................................................................................................................................................... 62
7.3. EXPANSIONISME ........................................................................................................................................................... 63

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