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Perception - samenvatting van de collegestof
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Lecture 1 – Sensation, perception and their measurementsHoofdstuk 1 en 2
Why should we study perception?
What if there is no perception we would be in a void
There would be no sense of anything, we could not see or hear - sense of nothingness (corticaal grey)
Dus key point: perception is fundamental to our life – we kunnen niet zonder
Heel vroeger was deze realisatie er al, bijvoorbeeld:
- Protagoras (490-420 BC): “Man is the measure of all things: of things which are, that they
are, and of things which are not, that they are not”
• we are the judge, we are perceiving things
- Plato’s allegory of the cave: a complete reality consisting of shadows on the wall
• de mensen in de cave zien alleen een shadow world
ze zien niet de echte reality outside: alleen shadows van objecten en niet de
objecten zelf – dus de perceptual reality vd mensen bestaat uit de shadow world
• there are levels of perception
- Dieren en mensen worden defined in the way they percieve
wat een honeybee ziet van een bloem is niet zoals wij de bloem zien – dus de reality van de
bloem is voor de bee anders dan voor ons
Perception defines what we do
But is our perceptual system the perfect measuring device it appears to be?
“What we see is real, in most cases” – vroeger dachten deze dat ook al:
- Democritus (460-370 BC): perception arises due to physical interaction between the world
and the body (ontwikkelde de atomic theory) – and is therefore to be trusted
• because of the fysical reaction (fotons op retina) we can always trust our perception
because it measures reality
- Kant (1742-1804): “[...] the senses do not errors — not because they always judge rightly,
but because they do not judge at all”
• er is geen subjective judgement in our perception (camera recorder idee)
Een illusie van en spiraal maar het zijn cirkels …
dit is een voorbeeld van dat senses niet altijd compleet betrouwbaar zijn
Idee: our senses werken zoals camera (detecteren alleen iets als het er is)
en dan maken de hersenen de fouten
Do the senses project a true image onto the brain – which might then be ‘misinterpreted’?
- It seems that illusions can arise at various stages during sensation (de earliest parts of
perception) and perception
• illusie van de Parthenon gebouw looking square and elegant
• Benhams top: the impression of colour is an illusion
- Illusions can help us discover how our perceptual system works
• de fysieke stimulatie van vlak A en B is hetzelfde maar ze lijken een andere kleur grijs
te zijn, de context hier kan een verklaring zijn voor deze illusie
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