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summary buiteNLand Chapter 4 // 3 havo/vwo TTO
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summary buiteNLand Chapter 4 voor 3 havo/vwo TTO document is voor TTO leerlingen, het is in het engels geschreven gebaseerd op buiteNLand 3 VWO
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4.1 - worldwide armed violencebattlefield: where, why and how
if at least 25 people die in a conflict in a year, we speak of an armed
conflict. These conflicts are common in sub-saharan africa, south-east
asia and in the islamic world. usually conflicts are classified as follows:
- international conflicts take place between countries. such as
WW2.
- internal conflicts or civil wars remain within the borders of a
country.
- internationalized conflicts are internal conflicts that later turn
into an international conflict. like in Syria.
Do you call insurents freedom fighters or terrorists? That depends on
which party you choose. terrorism is violence to achieve a political goal.
How do you draw a border?
a state is an area with a border around it. In a state there are laws and
rules. a state has the right to sovereignty or self-determination: the
state has power and the other states are not allowed to interfere with
domestic affairs. When people in a state feel like they belong together
because of their language or religion, they form a people or nation. To
describe the cultures and origins of people we use the word ethnicity. a
residential area is called their territory.
discussion of borders
borders are created by those in power. due to subordination or
suppression by the central authority, a people sometimes demands
independence. This is called separatism.
, 4.2 origin of conflict
economic causes
There are many inhabitable areas. but sometimes it turns out that
there are many natural resources in such areas. but the extraction
often leads to major economic problems in their habitat. For example,
gold mining in Peru poisons the river water. In these situations, the
chance of conflict is very high. This is called the paradox of
abundance or resource curse.
cultural and demographic causes
There are often conflicts between different cultures and religions.
Today, for example, there are armed conflicts between groups of
muslims in many places. The cause of these conflicts is often a
combination of an unfair distribution of power and a sense of poverty.
you can see that in the countries with a so-called youth bulge in the
population structure.
the role of the government
In conflict areas, an authoritarian regime or dictatorship is often in
power. That means that the power lies with one person or a small
group. In other areas all kinds of groups are constantly fighting for
power. In these countries there is a fragile state, a vulnerable state,
where the government has virtually no control and where there is
corruption, crime and economic chaos everywhere.
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