➔ Foucault sought to conduct a “genealogy of the modern subject as a historical and cultural
reality.”
➔ His first major work was on madness - examines the historical conditions of the confinement and
exclusion of different groups of people
➔ Shifted his focus to discourse of various disciplines regarding society, individuals and language
➔ He identifies the epistemic systems (or relations between the sciences) that underlie three major
epochs in Western thought: the Renaissance, the Classical Age, and Modernity.
➔ Modernity is characterised as the Age of Man, in which “man” is the subject and object of his
own knowledge.
➔ In the 1970’s, Foucault's interests shifted from discourse to the problem of power.
➔ Foucault explores the relations between power, knowledge and the body in modern society.
➔ Foucault extended his analysis of power relations to the area of sexuality in The History of
Sexuality. - His argument is that during the 18th and 19th centuries, sexuality became an object of
power
➔ Foucault argues that power is not restricted to political institutions, rather it is multidirectional,
operating from above and below.
History of Sexuality, Truth and Power and Discipline & Punishment
‘The Sword’
➔ Sovereign Power - power exercised mainly as a means of deduction
➔ ‘Power in this form was essentially a right of seizure: of things, of time, bodies and ultimately
life’
➔ This shifted after the French revolution
Into Bio (Biological)-Power
➔ ‘The old power of death that symbolised sovereign power was now carefully supplanted by the
administration of bodies and calculated management of life’
➔ [...] sex becomes a crucial target of a power organised around the management of life rather than
the menace of death.’
Truth and Power
➔ ‘If power were anything but repressive, if it never did anything but to say no, do you really think
one would be brought to obey it?’
➔ ‘What makes power hold good, what makes it accepted is simply the fact that it doesn't only
weigh on us as a force that says no, but it traverses and produces things, it induces pleasure, forms
knowledge, produces discourse.’
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