HMX Genetics Exam Questions with Correct Answers

HMX Genetics Exam Questions with Correct Answers Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV) - ANSWER differences in DNA sequence. 46 chromosomes. 1% of population. Common complex traits bp in nucleus - ANSWER 6 billion Chromatin - ANSWER packaged DNA. Composed of DNA helix wound around histone proteins forming nucleosomes. 150 bp of DNA wound around each histone core Amino acid - ANSWER 20 different molecules used to build proteins. Coded by genes. Organic. Contains a Carboxyl (-COOH) and an Amino (-NH2) group Central dogma - ANSWER flow of information in cell from DNA to RNA to protein Codon - ANSWER set of 3 nucleotides DNA - ANSWER deoxyribonucleic acid. contains deoxyribose sugar (5 carbon), phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (ATCG). Hydrogen bond connects nucleotides (A=T C=G). Directs production of RNA by transcription. Nitrogen-containing base on 1' carbon. Hydroxyl group on 3'. Phosphate group on 5'. Encodes information Frameshift variant - ANSWER caused by insertions or deletions of a single gene Genotype - ANSWER genetic makeup Missense variant - ANSWER point mutation, single nucleotide change results in codon that codes for different amino acid Nonsense variant - ANSWER genetic alteration that causes premature termination of a protein