CHAPTER 4 - GOVT 2305|UPDATED&VERIFIED|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) established the right to legal counsel in felony cases. The Bill of Rights includes the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. ________ are areas of personal freedom with which governments are constrained from interfering. Civil liberties The constitutional basis for the nationalization of the Bill of Rights is the ________ Amendment. Fourteenth The process by which the Supreme Court has expanded specific parts of the Bill of Rights to protect citizens against state and federal actions is called ________. selective incorporation In Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971), the Supreme Court ruled that government support of religion is permissible only if it is secular in purpose, neither promotes nor inhibits religion, and does not lead to excessive entanglement with religio The words under God were added to the Pledge of Allegiance in the midst of the Cold War, as a response to the "godless communism" of the Soviet Union. The 1940 case of Cantwell v. Connecticut was significant because it established that Americans are free to adhere to any religious beliefs, but the time, place, and manner of their exercise are subject to regulation in the public interest. What was Justice Potter Stewart talking about when he declared "I know it when I see it." pornography Freedom of speech and of the press have a special place in the American system because free and open debate is an essential mechanism for determining the quality and validity of competing ideas. In the 1969 case of Brandenburg v. Ohio, the Supreme Court ruled that as long as speech falls short of actually inciting action, it cannot be prohibited, even if it is hostile to or subversive of the government and its policies. In Buckley v. Valeo (1976), the Supreme Court ruled that spending by or on behalf of a candidate for office is protected speech. New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) was significant because the justices ruled that a newspaper had to print false and malicious material deliberately in order to be guilty of libel. The Supreme Court case of New York Times v. United States (1971), was related to which First Amendment concept? prior restraint McDonald v. Chicago (2010) was significant because it applied the Second Amendment to state governments. What is the standard for determining guilt in criminal cases? Guilt must be proven "beyond a reasonable doubt."