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Cortext and Cognition - PS2025
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Information on how the Cortex relates to Cognition
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Cortex & CognitionP 63-66, 77-79, 150-156, 174, 352 - 357, 373 - 383, 411 - 414
Functions of the cortex
First investigated by Wilder Penfield (1891-1976)
Created a cortical map where certain movements/sensations were caused by
stimulation
Motor & Somatosensory maps
Frontal Motor Motor cortex Picks Disease
Lobe Cortex Just in front of the o Associated w/
Speech somatosensory cortex frontal lobe cell
Neurons are connected death
to different muscles o Can cause
o The progressive
connections aphasia and
are speech problems
contralateral Oliver Sacks mistook his
Occupy a small space in wife for a hat due to brain
the cerebral cortex damage
o Rest of the Man who damaged his
cortex is frontal lobes then become
involved in rude, swore and would try
between the have sexual relations with
sensation and anything including a toilet
the action brush
Perce Phineas Gage
iving, Broca's aphasia
learn o "Tan" was a
ing, patient of Paul
reme Broca (1824-
mber 1880). Tan was
ing entirely
Rostral region is also incapable of
involved in movement producing
, related activities like spoken language,
planning & executing apart from the
beh word "Tan". An
autopsy
Frontal lobe & Executive functions discovered that
The Stroop effect is used "Tan" had a
as a test of frontal lobe lesion in the left
executive functions side of his frontal
o Patients w/ diff lobe. This area
amount of seems
damage to "indispensable to
frontal lobe the exercise of
o Thos the faculty of
e w/ articulate
more language"
are (Broca).
wors This was some of the first
e at evidence of cerebral
Stroo lateralisation. Language
p appears to be (for most
test people) in the left side of the
o Dam brain. Though it is important
age to emphasise that "Broca's
to region" is responsible for
anter grammar and syntax. This is
ior separate to language
cingu production.
late o Agrammatism often
gyrus accompanies it
tend o Difficulty using
to be grammatical
the constructions
wors o Schwarts, Saffran
t & Martin (1980)
Wisconsin Card Sort Task p376
o Get p's to sort Gave
cards broca's
according to aphasi
rule, but don’t a p's a
tell them the senten
rule ce like
o Change of rule 'the
occurs which is cow
the real test kicked
o Chan the
ge horse'
from or 'the
colou horse
r to hit the
shap cow'
e Asked
o Those w/ brain them
damage will to
take forever to point
change the ot the
rule correct
Broca's area - speech picture
production They
perfor
med
poorly
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