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Voorbeeld
  2.  
  3. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
  4.  
  5. Bachelor Politieke En Sociale Wetenschappen
  6.  
  7. Institutions And Policy Of The European Union

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Samenvatting Institutions and Policy of the European Union - Wouter Wolfs

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  • Vak
  • Institutions And Policy Of The European Union
  • Instelling
  • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
  • Boek
  • The European Union

Geslaagd in eerste zit! Samenvatting handboek, colleges en slides Institutions and Policy of the European Union door professor Wouter Wolfs (KUL) Bevat een uitgebreide samenvatting van het handboek, alle colleges en de bijbehorende slides. Hoofdstukken 1, 5 t/m 11, hoofdstuk 13 en 15 zijn uitg...

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Document informatie

  • Nee
  • Hoofdstuk 1, hoofdstukken 5 t/m 11, hoofdstuk 13 en hoofdstuk 15
  • 1 juli 2023
  • 69
  • 2022/2023
  • Samenvatting

Onderwerpen

  • political geography
  • european parliament
  • the cou
  • what is the european union
  • european commission amp eu decision making
  • european council and council of ministers
  • representing public opinion in the eu

Gekoppeld boek

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Titel boek:

Auteur(s):

  • Uitgave:
  • ISBN:
  • Druk:

Geschreven voor

  • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
  • Bachelor Politieke En Sociale Wetenschappen
  • Institutions And Policy Of The European Union
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud

Samenvatting: European Politics
Dr. Wouter Wolfs

Boek: The European Union: Politics & Policies (Jonathan Olsen)
Institutions and Policy of the European Union
Introduction and Political Geography
European Politics?
1. Institutions and Policy of the European Union
 Focus on institutions, decision-making processes and policies = situation since Treaty
of Lisbon (2009)
 4 credits
2. European Integration since 1945
 Focus on the history of the process of integration = process until the Treaty of Lisbon
(2009)
 2 credits

To distinguish = onderscheiden
To estimate = inschatten

Exam
- One examination (date) for both components: 2/3 < Institutions & Policy and 1/3 < European
integration since 1945
- Closed-book, written exam
- Questions: both knowledge & understanding (+ link with topical issues in EU)
Topical issues = Actuele kwesties
- Language: examination questions are in English, your answers can be in Dutch (or English)

Classes until Friday 28/4/2023

Topical issues, like Qatargate

Is the European Parliament really lacking transparency?
- Reforms in the wake of the “Cash-for-amendments” scandal (2011)
- Transparency Register
o Requirement for lobbyists to register
o Detailed overview of budget and personnel
o Employ 10-15 people to lobby the EU-institutions
o (Commissioners only meet registered lobbyists)
 Not the case of the European Parlement
o BUT: no third countries (for example: Qatar or Morocco)
o BUT: quid assistants?
 Does not have to be registered
- Legislative “footprint”
o List of interest representatives that MEP met in preparation of legislative file
o BUT: not for other MEPs

Is it wrong for MEPs to submit amendments they received from interest representatives?



1

, - Code of Conduct for MEPs (Guiding principles)
- They need to insert the ‘Declaration of Financial Interests’
- Main problem = enforcement
o Responsibility of EP President after consulting Advisory Committee

The Political Geography of Europe & “Mental Maps”
 Why are different maps of Europe important?
o Official map of the European Union is only one side of the story
o Multitude of maps exist about the political geography of Europe
o Maps are not neutral: they contain normative motives and aspirations and specific
interpretations of the present (“mental maps”)
 Maps can help to explain:
o Relations and attitudes between member states and/or populations
o Political dynamics and tensions within and between countries
o How we think ourselves about Europe and European integration (self- reflexion)

Example: 2 maps
- Focus on Poland
- Didn’t want to take any refugees at first, but during time (war in Ukraine and all their
implications/consequentions) made Poland take them
- Some countries took many, some almost none

The past of the European Union is an important explanation for the present of the European Union
1957 < 1973 < 1981 < 1986 < 1990 < 1995 < 2004 < 2007 < 2013 < 2020

 Path dependency: decisions of the past have implications for the future
 Important for decision-making

 Joining the EU < Sometimes for logistical, sometimes for logical reasons
 Work together to control each other

 Establishment of the international market < Big role for the EU
 When Greece joint, they weren’t ready (too early) + problem with state finance which led to the
collapse of Greece and almost to a collapse of the whole European market

 Yanukovych (or Janoekovytsj) wins (= pro-Russia): President of Ukraine from 2010 until 2014

The European Union isn’t the only (or a coherent) manifestation of integration on the European
continent
 NATO
 Council of Europe
 …




2

,Chapter 1: What is the European Union?
Actuality
- Visit of Biden in Poland and in Ukraine (Zelensky)
- Consequences of Russian Invasion for internal dynamics in EU?
o Is the center of power in the EU moving eastwards?
o End of French-German collaboration as “engine”” of European integration?
Engine = motor
 A lot of attention for relationship between France and Germany
o Political adulthood of “new” member states in CEE
 CEE = Central and Eastern Europe
 Poland delivers arms to Ukraine, which makes them feel as powerful as the “old”
West-European countries (member states)
o BUT: Interests are not symmetrical (between regional partners)

Map: Coalitions or alliances – Regional groups in the European Union
o Partners in some policy fields, whereas competitors in others (they protect each other)
Whereas = terwijl
 Example: Poland and Hungary
 Partners: Rule of law conflict with the EU, structural funds…
 Competitors: Foreign policy (vis-à-vis Russia), migration?
 Mostly Hungary who are against
 Different visions in Poland and Hungary
= positive for European integration – Fact that interests are oppositional (coinciding cleavages can
be disruptive)
Coinciding = samenvallend
Cleavages = splitsingen
o BUT: Hard parameters and power relations still matter
 Voting rights depends on populism < Most populist countries have an advantage
 Old member states (BE, FR, the Netherlands, SWE, FIN, DEN, IRE…): will grow
 Eastern countries: population will slink
 Expenditure for defense < What are the power relations (PL still quite limited)
Expenditure = uitgaven
 Economic < Central, Western and Northern Europe = richest countries

Question of today’s lesson: “What is the European Union?”
 Easy question – Difficult answer (What do we think…)
 Member states have autonomy
 The European Union is like an elephant
o It depends on how you look at it, which meaning/interpretation you give
o Where going to discuss different theories/concepts (or lenses) the look at the EU

Chapter overview
- How we approach the EU still depends in large part on how we think about the role of the state
- At least 5 ways to conceptualize the EU
1. An international organization
2. A regional integration association
3. A political system in its own right
4. A unique entity
5. Something that exhibits and combines all 4 of these
To exhibit = tentoonstellen


3

,- 2 broad categories of theories that analyze the EU
1. Those explaining how the EU evolved
a. Neofunctionalism
b. Intergovernmentalism
2. Those explaining what it has become
- Multi-level governance has emerged as one way to understand the EU as a political system
- Rather than being portrayed as an international organization, the EU is now increasing as a
political system in its own right

What is a state? The role of the state
 States rule: make laws and enforce them
Enforce = afdwingen
 States provide public goods
o Public goods: you cannot exclude people from using it = non-exclusive good & also
unlimited (Examples: climate, national security…  Non-public goods: theater
tickets…)
 States extract (taxes) – From society, people that life on their territories
Extract = heffen
 States solve collective action problems
o You need an action that needs collaboration
o Problem because people have individual interests
o You need to collaborate, but you’re not really interested in collaboration because of
your own individual interests
o For example: Climate change (you don’t want to change your habits, but if everyone
thinks like that, the problem won’t be solved…)

 Europe is a state (arguments pro and contra)
 They work together to solve the problems in Ukraine-Russia, and they impose sanctions to
Russia (+)
 They rule (+)
 Monopoly in the use of violence (-)
 Each member state extracts taxes individually (-)

“Order/Peace of Westphalia” (1648)
- Is taken as a convenient starting point of how long states have been important to an
understanding of the ways in which societies are governed < The international state system has
existed since then
- Established West Federal Order (Established = gevestigd)
- New political order (system) was established in Europe
- Based on peaceful collaboration: Brought an end to 2 European wars and resulted in many
territorial adjustments
Adjustments = aanpassingen
- Recognition that state had sovereignty of its territory

A state has 4 main characteristics:
1. Fixed and populated territory
2. Possibility to impose authority over that territory
3. Legally and politically independent
4. Recognized by its people and by other states
Sovereignty = “supreme” authority over a territory and its population (Supreme = opperste)



4

,  State
o Political-legal unit defined by territory and by laws
o A legal and physical entity that operates within a fixed and populated territory, has
authority over that territory, is legally and politically independent and is recognized
by its people and by other states
o Institutional basis
 Nation
o A group of people defined by shared identity or culture based on language, ethnicity,
religion etc.
o Difference nation & ethnic group
 Ethnic group: a group of people who share a heritage, common language,
culture (often including religion) and can discuss shared ancestry
Heritage = erfenis
 Nations (more political): unified by a sense of purpose to control the territory
that the members of the group believe to be theirs.
Unified = verenigd
 Nation-state
o Sovereign states in which a majority of the population is united based in factors that
define a nation

Limitations of the concept state
 Nationalism: state should be based on a “nation”
o National superiority, ethnocentrism, racism and genocide
o Tensions between states
 International cooperation to overcome tensions + promote cooperation
o Manifestation: International organizations and/or international treaties (= voluntary
cooperation)
o Example: United Nations
o Core aspect = a treaty (Core = kern)

Integration  Collaboration

Collaboration Integration
Member states decide to achieve certain goals The authority to take decisions is transferred to
together by taking joint measures, but the a higher (supra-)national level, so there is a
member states retain authority over the transfer of competences from the member
specific policy domain states to the EU level

Joint measures = gezamenlijke maatregelen
Retain = behouden

Some international organizations lead to integration
Integration
= transfer by states of (parts of) sovereignty
= pooling of authority in specific policy areas and the creation of common institutions with
restricted powers (delegation)
≠ The total surrender of their own separate legal, political, economic, social and national
identities (= assimilation)




5

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