Summary
Summary AQA ALEVEL LIPIDS AS LEVEL
- Course
- Institution
ALEVEL NOTES ON THE BIOLOGICAL TOPIC-LIPIDS ADJUSTED TO THE AQA SPECIFICATION AND MADE FROM MARKSCHEMES
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Lipids=
made from of different components
•
Lipids are a
variety ,
but
they all contain hydrocarbons .
There two of lipids
groups
•
are :
Triglycerides
-
Phospholipids
-
ester bonds
i
.
↳→ be ← same ,
There are two
types of
tattyacids.gs bigger
⑤fTtyaid
different
2- Saturated fatty acids
- -
tails made
Long ( as seen in
fatty
food labels)
of
-
Unsaturated acids
r
hydrocarbons .
-
These tails are
~
Jatiya hydrophobic ( repel water
ftrucfgYattyacidi.tv
-
hence -
oil and water
Oy
Saturated fatty acids does
insoluble
not
in
mix ,
water HO1
c -
R
[ariable
-
" "
R
group
They do not have double bonds between *
This not
polymer
•
is
any a
( like alkanes )
carbon atoms considered
carboxylic
*
their .
" Fatty acids are
%:[ Ie"mJger%refats
acids since it has CO0H
H H H H group
to ' ' (GCSE
Chemistry)
'
saturated
'
I
"
I I I I
-
%:b :# I
-
- -
pack together are
-
as
a. tails
as
in water
tightly as
seen
straight ,
Unsaturatedfyad#
Trigiycerideformationfoa.jo?gaIomhII.:b'
^
below)
tmq Ho
T
'
,
fl H
I
eaten:S,
N H
1
between
H - c - OH Ho
,
condensation reactions .
'
H
f 9
¥
o e H
-
c -
C -
c =c -
-
-
-
e
-
OH ,
1 I C- R
I 1 I
H H H H H H -
C -
OH not
↳ 0
form
Why are unsaturated fatty -
acids in the
glycerol HO 1
"
e - R
of liquids ( like oil ) ? acids
fatty
es.ie?i\%Ef#fI%fconaensaeiun
F -
*
•
The carbon double bonds in unsaturated o
GCSE Chemistry :
H u
1 ' I 3x:
hydrocarbon the
fatty fatty
- ,
acid
chains
carboxylic
-
,
acid
.
cause the :-O
'
e -
R = acid
\
-
' ' '
-
. -.
0 H zo
( kinked)
-
tails I t '
T
bend
'
to
'
Ii
H o TO C R '
alcohol
.
-
-1 -
→ tho in
glycerol
'
1 ; -
-
-
o
£05 ④Eg
H
G -0
E R
f
-
I
.
-
- '
→ H20
-
' -
£ triglyceride
-
H ester
+
+
water
water
saturated unsaturated '
The above is a condensation
fatty acids fatty acids
reaction - reverse
being hydrolysis .
. This bend weakens the intermolecular forces
they form
Whataretriglycerides-vsedfor.ie
liquid temperature
so a in room .
g. )
butter leg .
oil )
For production broken down glycerol
•
into
energy
→
they are
and
fatty acids which are used in respiration .
( fatty acids)
① th t 0, → H20-1CO, t ATP
Glycerol)
Iter
(
.
A
good source of
+ +
Liquid Solid
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