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Summary AQA ALEVEL BIOLOGY NOTES ON DNA REPLICATION AS LEVEL $9.67   Add to cart

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Summary AQA ALEVEL BIOLOGY NOTES ON DNA REPLICATION AS LEVEL

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ALEVEL NOTES ON THE BIOLOGICAL TOPIC- DNA REPLICATION ADJUSTED TO THE AQA SPECIFICATION AND MADE FROM MARKSCHEMES

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  • July 2, 2023
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  • 2022/2023
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DNA Replication
• Before a nucleus divides ,
its DNA must be
replicated .
This is to ensure that all the
daughter cells have the
genetic
information to
produce the enzymes
and other
proteins that they need .




Requirements

The four
types of nucleotide ( with bases AGCT ) must be
present

.





The
enzymes
DNA
polymerase is
required .




A source of chemical to drive the
energy process
.
.





Both strands of the DNA molecule act as a template for the attachment of these nucleotides



Process
=




⑦ The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds
linking the DNA base pairs .




② Hence the ,
double helix separates and unwinds .




③ Each poly nucleotide
strand ( opened up) acts as a template to which
complementary free nucleotides ( bases not connected)
bind by specific base
pairing .




④ The new strands of nucleotides are
joined together in a condensation reaction
by the
enzyme
DNA
polymerase .



Hydrogen
bonds form between the bases on the
original and new strands .




⑤ Now , each new DNA molecule contains one strand from the original DNA molecule and one new strand .




I ④ ⑤
① ② ③
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whyistheactionofDN-erasedifferenttrandotDNA.tl
The
opposite directions each other antiparallel
two
poly nucleotide strands in DNA in to
they


run -
are
.




'
'
of the 5

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The directions named the number carbon 3




I
are
according to
position





/
°

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sugar of each nucleotide

the
atoms in
pentose .
"


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5




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' '
Hence DNA 5
the
polymerase down the template strand in 3 to direction


moves a .




The opposite ) 3
'

new strand is made in a 5
'
to 3
'
direction ( as 3 end is at the 2

,
.




s ° 0
As the double helix antiparallel DNA of the
the
polymerase working
'

are on one '
z
,




template strands moves in the
opposite direction to the DNA
polymerase working on
5Y
strand
the other template .

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