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Summary AQA ALEVEL BIOLOGY NOTES ON DNA REPLICATION AS LEVEL
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ALEVEL NOTES ON THE BIOLOGICAL TOPIC- DNA REPLICATION ADJUSTED TO THE AQA SPECIFICATION AND MADE FROM MARKSCHEMES
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DNA Replication• Before a nucleus divides ,
its DNA must be
replicated .
This is to ensure that all the
daughter cells have the
genetic
information to
produce the enzymes
and other
proteins that they need .
Requirements
The four
types of nucleotide ( with bases AGCT ) must be
present
•
.
•
The
enzymes
DNA
polymerase is
required .
A source of chemical to drive the
energy process
.
.
•
Both strands of the DNA molecule act as a template for the attachment of these nucleotides
Process
=
⑦ The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds
linking the DNA base pairs .
② Hence the ,
double helix separates and unwinds .
③ Each poly nucleotide
strand ( opened up) acts as a template to which
complementary free nucleotides ( bases not connected)
bind by specific base
pairing .
④ The new strands of nucleotides are
joined together in a condensation reaction
by the
enzyme
DNA
polymerase .
Hydrogen
bonds form between the bases on the
original and new strands .
⑤ Now , each new DNA molecule contains one strand from the original DNA molecule and one new strand .
I ④ ⑤
① ② ③
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The
opposite directions each other antiparallel
two
poly nucleotide strands in DNA in to
they
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are
.
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I
are
according to
position
•
/
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sugar of each nucleotide
→
the
atoms in
pentose .
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Hence DNA 5
the
polymerase down the template strand in 3 to direction
•
moves a .
The opposite ) 3
'
•
new strand is made in a 5
'
to 3
'
direction ( as 3 end is at the 2
,
.
s ° 0
As the double helix antiparallel DNA of the
the
polymerase working
'
are on one '
z
,
template strands moves in the
opposite direction to the DNA
polymerase working on
5Y
strand
the other template .
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