Summary
Summary AQA ALEVEL BIOLOGY NOTES ON ANTIGENIC VARIABILITY
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ALEVEL NOTES ON THE IMMUNITY TOPIC- ANTIGENIC VARIABILITY ADJUSTED TO THE AQA SPECIFICATION AND MADE FROM MARKSCHEMES
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Antigenic Variation=
refers
→
Antigenic variation to an infectious agent changing
the
proteins or
carbohydrates on its
surface ( ) thus avoids host
antigens and a immune response .
Hence when infected by the for second the
are
pathogen a time
memory cells produced
-
you ,
from first infection will different
the not
recognise the
antigens .
Influenza %
4
%
1 % 1 1 4 % 1 1 /4 #
Seasonal influenza is acute infection caused influenza
an
respiratory by viruses which circulate in
•
all parts of the world .
The influenza vaccine
changes That's because surface of influenza
-
the the the
every year .
antigens on
virus
change regularly ,
forming new strains of the virus .
of
Memory flu will other
-
cells
produced from vaccination with one strain the not
recognise strains
with different
antigens .
different
Every there different strains of the influenza virus
circulating
in the
population
-
are so a
year ,
vaccine has to be made .
New effective
vaccines
developed and chosen that is the most
against the
-
are is
one
every year
recently circulating influenza viruses .
1st infection triggers primary response 2nd infection triggers primary
-
response
-
the
(
arm >
7 a
[ 7
C.
influenza
virus
7
)
If C
influenza
virus ]
antigenic
( ) variation
L J
RUN
L J U
LUV
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