Summary
Summary AQA ALEVEL BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON HUMORAL REPSONSE
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ALEVEL NOTES ON THE IMMUNITY TOPIC- HUMORAL RESPONSE ADJUSTED TO THE AQA SPECIFICATION AND MADE FROM MARKSCHEMES
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Humoral Response=
-
In the cell-mediated 1 cellular
response ,
the mitotic division of specific T cells form a clone
of the relevant T cells to build their numbers
up .
-
Some of these T cells produce factors that stimulate B cells to divide .
It these B that involved the of humoral
is cells in next phase the immune immunity
>
a re
response : .
,Stages
*.÷÷
of B lymphocyte Response
⇐
-5¥
1 The surface of B
antigens an
invading pathogen are taken up by a
complementary cell .
2 The the
pathogen is endocytosed ,
and antigen presented on the plasma membrane .
3 binds to the the B cell colonial selection) ( process
Helper T cells presented antigen ,
activating
at previous )
page .
4 The B cell of
is now activated to divide
by mitosis to
give a clone
plasma cells .
( clonal expansion )
5 antibodies
The cloned plasma cells produce and secrete .
The
antibody is then attached
and them
to
antigens on the pathogen destroys .
B infections
6 cells also develop into
memory
cells . These can respond to future
by the
dividing rapidly developing that produce antibodies
same
pathogen by and into plasma cells .
attach to
on
5
>
antigens and
processedpresentation ft
pathogen
destroy
it
invading antigen
a
41555'nse)
pathogen §
a
, Bad,
rt It
if
①
} rt
%v antibody
separated
'
I
' 4
cell
•
plasma
→
or
antigen
+ § 6
y
I
f IF circulate in blood and
①
n
,
0 0
tissue fluid in readiness
antibody •
-
;Ie÷%%%%jueEE¥:
i
lymphocyte
a
cells
I into plasma
B
1 developing
^ ,
that produce
antibodies
(
secondary response)
activated helper
( from
cell-mediated memory
cell
T-cell I
response
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