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Summary AQA ALEVEL BIOLOGY NOTES ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
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ALEVEL NOTES ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE ADJUSTED TO THE AQA SPECIFICATION AND MADE FROM MARKSCHEMES
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Cardiovascular DiseaseAtherosclerosis ( Atheroma Formation )
The ( between
accumulation
swelling) is
always lining
•
the endothelium
and the smooth muscle wall central region of the arterial tube .
•
Accumulation and in walls is made
swelling artery that
up of cells
(
mostly macrophage cells)
,
or cell debris , that contain lipids ( cholesterol and
fatty acids )
Angina Pectoralis
'
Severe of blood heart muscle
pain on exertion due to
shortage to the .
No muscle death .
A heart
blockage gradual heart
•
The
causes
damage to the muscle .
weakens
progressively . Sppf
Aneurysm
Balloon like of the
swelling artery
•
- .
Atheroma plagues weaken
damage and arteries
•
.
High blood pressure pushes layers of through
-
outer
inner
artery
elastic layer to form aneurysm .
Heart Attack ( Myocardial infarction)
sudden of
heart due
blockage
[
ar teries
'
or severe
pain to
p coronary .
¥ Part of the heart muscle is starved of oxygen and dies .
F
E
R
µ
E
, cardiac Arrest off
T
"
When heart
cholesterol is transported via lipoproteins :
stops beating
-
"
↳ HDL
good
"
-
Lack of electrical impulses
: :
cholesterol → liver
↳ LDL ' '
bad
"
:
: cholesterol → tissues
Pulmonary Embolism
When blood vessel blocked blood
by
•
in
lungs is clot
a
your a .
and
Symptoms chest pain difficulty breathing coughing blood
•
up
:
,
Thrombosis
-
It is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a
blood vessel flow of blood through
,
obstructing the
the
circulatory system .
to
plague damaging cell wall
fggG
'
Due
'
.
atheroma
DVT (
Deep Vein Thrombosis )
Deep vein thrombosis ( DVT) is serious condition that when blood clot forms in vein located deep inside
•
a occurs a a
your body .
General Factors Associated CHD ( Heart Disease )
Risk with
coronary
Diet Blood cholesterol High blood Smoking Exercise
-
pressure
- - .
'
correlation vs Causation !
Strategies to Reduce
coronary Heart Disease
These involve health people how disease place
primary advising avoid the first
-
care -
to in the .
Screening
•
Cultivating healthy lifestyle
-
a
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