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English Summary I Grammar I H0
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Subject: English Grade: 4 Direction: VWO Material: grammar H0 Book: Focus 4 Students' book
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Samenvatting Engels I grammatica I H3 en H4
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Engels samenvatting grammarH0
H0: Review year 1, 2 and 3
0.1 Present tenses - review
We use the Present Simple:
- to talk about actions which are repeated regularly;
- to talk about states and permanent situations;
- with verbs expressing emotions, states of mind or senses.
We use the Present Continuous:
- to talk about actions happening at the time of speaking;
- to talk about temporary (tijdelijke) situations.
We use the Present Perfect Simple:
- to talk about actions which finished in the past and have a result in the present (we don’t know or
it’s not important when exactly they happened);
- to talk about actions which started in the past and continue into the present.
We use the Present Perfect Continuous:
- to talk about actions which started in the past and continue into the present;
- to talk about actions which lasted for some time (and possibly still continue) and whose results we
can see now.
We use the Present Perfect Simple to focus on the result of a finished action.
We use the Present Perfect Continuous to focus on the action or process (which may or may not be
complete).
0.2 Past tenses - review
We use the Past Simple:
- to talk about actions and situations which started and finished in the past;
- to talk about a series of actions that happened one after the other.
We use the Past Continuous:
- to talk about actions which were in progress at a particular time in the past;
- to talk about an action which was in progress when another action took place (for the shorter
action, we use the Past Simple);
- to describe background states for other events.
We use the Past Perfect Simple:
- to talk about an action that happened before a particular time in the past or before another past
action (for the action that happened first, we use the Past Simple).
0.3 Conditionals + wish and if only
Conditionals
We use the Zero Conditional sentences to talk about things that are always true.
If/when + Present Simple -> Present Simple.
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