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Samenvatting ontwikkelingsfasen
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ontwikkelingspsychologie
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Leeftijd Fase Freud Erikson Piaget Bowlby/Mahler Morele ontwikkeling+/- Psychoseksueel Psychosociaal Cognitief Hechting Piaget/Kohlberg
0 – 1 jaar Baby Oraal vertrouwen/wantrouwen Sensomotorisch Bowlby
Id vertrouwen en hoop 0-2:voor-
0-1 reflex hechtingsfase
1-4 primair circulair 2-8:beginnende
4-8 secundair circulair gehechtheid
8-12 intentioneel 8: feitelijke gehecht-
beginnende object- heid
permanentie (separatieangst)
Mahler
6-8 differentiatie
8-1,5 praktisering
1 – 3 jaar Peuter Anaal autonomie/schaamte Pre-operationeel Mahler
ego wilskracht 12-18 tertiair circulair 1,5 – 2 toenadering
objectpermanentie 2-3 besef individu
18-24 innerlijk tertiair:
symboolfunctie
preconceptueel
3 – 6 jaar Kleuter Fallisch initiatief/schuld Pre-operationeel heteronoom
oedipusconflict&superego doelgerichtheid intuïtief denken moreel realisme
autoritair
Kohlberg:
Niveau 1: preconventioneel
6 – 12 jaar Schoolkind Latentie vlijt/minderwaardigheid Concreet-operationeel autonoom
bekwaamheid logisch denken met moreel relativisme
concreet materiaal democratisch
Kohlberg:
Niveau 1: preconventioneel
Einde van de schoolperiode
mogelijk niveau 2: conventio-
neel
12 – 20 jaar Adolescent Genitaal identiteit/-verwarring Formeel-operationeel Kohlberg:
trouw en toewijding abstract denken Niveau 2: conventioneel
20 – 35 jaar Jong-volwassene - intimiteit/isolement - Kohlberg:
liefde en gehechtheid Niveau 2: conventioneel
crisis der ervaring of
Niveau 3: postconventioneel
35 – 50 jaar Midden-volwassene generativiteit/stagnatie -
- zorgzaamheid/vruchtbaarheid
50 – 65 jaar Laat-volwassene - midlife-crisis -
crisis der grenzen
65 + jaar Ouderdom - ego-integriteit/wanhoop -
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