LMSW EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2023 VERSION A GRADE EXAM

LMSW EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2023 VERSION A GRADE EXAM AASPIRINS - Answer A: acknowledge & assess S: start where the client is P: protect Life (preventing danger to self and others) I: informed Consent R: rule out medical conditions, send to Dr. if medical I: intoxication (don't treat if intoxicated) N: non-judgmental S: support self-determination For "Best"/"Worst" or "MOST reasonable" questions AREAFI - Answer What to do "FIRST" or "NEXT": A: Acknowledge/Assess feelings R: Refer E: Educate A: Advocate F: Facilitate I: Intervene Levels of cognition - Answer knowledge (teaching facts, theories, etc) comprehension application analysis synthesis (creating something new) evaluation (judging quality) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answer Physiological Safety Love/belonging Esteem Self-actualization Types of groups - Answer Shared problem, Counseling, Activity self help, natural group, closed group, open group, structured, reference, crisis Individual self-actualization occurs through... - Answer - release of feelings that block social performance - support from others - orientation to reality and check out own reality with others - reappraisal of self Bowenian Family Therapy - Answer change through understanding multigenerational dynamics -driven to achieve balance of internal and external differentiation Logotherapy - Answer change through finding meaning in life, understanding purpose Problem solving therapy (aka Task Centered) - Answer change through supporting client to take actions to address problems; client defined problems -Short term -Good for lower functioning, schizophrenia, homeless Dialectical Behavior theory - Answer Aims to change behavioral, emotional, and thinking patterns associated with dysfunction -teaches mindfulness, suicidal behavior, emotional regulation, interpersonal effectiveness • Good for Borderline Personality Disorder Narrative therapy - Answer Change occurs by externalizing problem and creating a new narrative or story, which emphasizes the client's competencies and strengths. -Problem separate of client, externalize the problem Feminist Therapy - Answer Change through recognizing disempowering social forces and empowering client. -Good for eating disorders. Emotional Triangulation - Answer Network of relationship between 3 people. Stable until anxiety starts between dyad, then 3rd party is used to reduce anxiety. structual family therapy - Answer SW engages family in restructuring; boundaries are determined with Interpersonal, boundaries w/ outside world, hierarchal organization of the family Interpersonal family structure - Answer Family is defined. Promoted differentiation and autonomy Boundaries of the outside world (Structural family therapy) - Answer Defines family. Must be permeable enough to maintain well functioning open system hierarchal organization (Structural family therapy) - Answer in all families and cultures. Maintained generationally; parent-child roles, rights, obligations, etc. Strategic Family Therapy - Answer - Pretend technique -1st order changes (superficial behavior changes) -2nd order changes (systematic interaction patterns) -Family homeostasis (preserve family organization and communication) -Relabeling (change label attached to problem or person) -Paradoxical directive (prescribe symptomatic behavior so client realize it can be controlled) Suprasystem (systems theory) - Answer An entity that is served by a number of component systems organized in interacting relationships Throughput (system theory term) - Answer Energy that is integrated into the system so it can be used by the system to accomplish its goals Subsystem (systems theory) - Answer A major component of a system made up of 2+ independent components that interact in order to attain their own purpose(s) and the purpose(s) of the system in which they are embedded SOAP format (Assessment) - Answer Subjective: How are they doing since last visit Objective: Vitals, physical exam, lab results Assessment: Tasks S & O into short assessment Plan: Done after assessment; treatment plan Mental Status Exam (MSE) - Answer Appearance Orientation (Time place events) Speech (Slurred, pressed, slow) Affect/Mood Impulsivity (Potential of harm) Judgement/Insight (Predict consequences) Thought process (reality, thinking style) Intellectual function/memory Suicide Assessment (Danger to self) - Answer - Hx of attempt/family hx - Lives alone, no social support - Psych disorders (depression, anxiety) - Substance use/abuse - Media & peer exposure - Losses - Firearms or lethal weapons Suicide Protective Factors - Answer - Social support, family connectedness - Coping skills -Access to clinical care/Treatment - Religion & participation in religious activities - Limited access to lethal methods Risk Assessment (Suicide/Violence) - Answer - Frequency, intensity & duration of suicidal or violent thoughts - Access to available methods - Availability/inability to control suicidal/violent thoughts - Ability to not act on thoughts - Factors making client feel better/worse -Consequences of actions - Deterrents to action - Using drugs/alcohol - Measures client uses to remain safe Community Strength & Challenges - Answer People, Partnerships, Facilities, Organizations, Policies, Regulations, Culture Delusions - Answer false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders Endogenous depression - Answer chemical imbalances in the brain rather than as a reaction to life events Exogenous depression - Answer depression caused by external events or psychosocial stressors Folie a deux - Answer shared delusion Postmorbid - Answer subsequent to the onset of an illness Premorbid - Answer before the onset of major symptoms Psychotic - Answer experiencing delusions or hallucinations contraindicated - Answer not recommended under these circumstances AntiAnxiety & Panic Disorder - Answer Ativan, Buspar, Klonopin, Valium, Xanax ADHD/ADD Stimulants - Answer Adderall, Concerta, Dexedrine, Ritalin Antidepressants (SSRIs) - Answer Celexa Lexapro Luvox Paxil Prozac Zoloft Antidepressants (Tricyclics) - Answer Anafranil Asendin Elavil Norpramin Pamelor Aventyl Surmontil Trofranil Vivactil Antidepressants (MAOI) - Answer Nardil Parnate *Avoid alcohol & aged foods Antidepressants (Others) - Answer Effexor Desyrel Remeron Serzone Wellbutrin Mood stabilizers (Anti-Manic/Bipolar) - Answer Depakote Lamictal Lithium Abilify Antipsychotics (Schizoprenia & Mania) - Answer Haldol Clozaril- need blood work done Thorazine Seroquel Risperdal Zyprexa Tardive dyskinesia (TD) - Answer Abnormal, involuntary movement of tongue, jaw, lips, & face; twitching and snakelike movement of extremities as a result of a high dose of antipsychotics over time Assessment of Violence (Danger to others) - Answer -Youth under 13 y/o who commit crimes & escalating violence -Aggression, associated w/ drugs, alcohol & risky behavior -Delinquent peers & gangs Assessment of violence (protective factors) - Answer Programs, individual risk & environment Target social context of change Access to clinical care Support system Coping skills Restrict access to lethal weapons Social Work Values - Answer 1. service 2. social justice 3. dignity and worth of the person 4. importance of human relationships 5. integrity 6. competence Ethical Problem Solving - Answer -Identify ethical standards being compromised -Determine if there is an ethical dilemma -Weigh issues in light of SW values & ethics -Suggest modifications -Implement modifications -Monitor for new dilemmas Payment (SW Ethics) - Answer Fees are fair, reasonable & commiserate w/ service. Bartering accepted only when it is acceptable in the local community Lack of Decision Making (SW Ethics) - Answer Act of behalf of client and safe guard against ill interest Referrals (SW Ethics) - Answer Refer for specialized knowledge Termination (SW Ethics) - Answer When services & relationships are no longer required or of interest Commitment to clients (SW Ethics) - Answer Promote wellbeing in client's interest; larger society or legal obligations may supersede loyalty to client Self-determination (SW Ethics) - Answer Respect and promote the right of clients and assist clients to identify goals and clarity informed consent (SW Ethics) - Answer An ethical principle that clients are told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate; state purpose of service, risks, limits, costs, alternatives, right to refuse or withdraw consent, time frame of consent Cultural Awareness - Answer Understand culture and its function in human behavior and society Conflict of Interest (SW Ethics) - Answer Avoid interfering w/ exercising professional discretion and impartial judgement. No dual/multiple relationships Privacy and Confidentiality (SW Ethics) - Answer the responsibility we have to protect the privacy of patients and maintain the confidentiality of their medical information. Need consent for information release Access to Records (SW Ethics) - Answer Provide reasonable access to records Sexual relationships & physical contact (SW Ethics) - Answer None under any circumstances Short Term Intervention - Answer Psychodynamic Crisis intervention Cognitive behavioral therapy case management - Answer -Assessment -Planning -Linking -Monitoring -Advocacy Evaluation (research) - Answer -Quantitative info -Improvements -Symptom progress -Qualitative info Conflict resolution - Answer 1. Recognize existing potential conflict 2. Assess conflict 3. Select strategy 4. Intervention Intervention escalation - Answer -Decrease contact -Decrease time between sessions -Decrease formality of sessions -Limit scope fo issued that can be discussed -Use 3rd party mediator Social Work Process - Answer 1. Engaging 2. Assessing 3. Planning 4. Intervening 5. Evaluating 6. Terminating *Enhances mental emotional and action capabilities Qualitative measurement - Answer info that is not numerical (Open ended surveys, unstructured interviews, observations) Quantitative measurement - Answer collecting data involving numbers that can be statistically manipulated (number of clients, survey w/ a Likert scale) Task Centered Practice - Answer -quickly engage clients in problem-solving process&to maximize their responsibility for treatment outcomes -focus on here and now - client must be able to identify a precise psychosocial problem/solution confined to specific change in behavior or change of circumstances - client must being willing to work on problem establish relationship quickly - termination begins almost immediately upon onset of treatment Crisis intervention - Answer - relieve the impact of stress with emotional and social resources -return a clients to a previous level of functioning -help strengthen mechanisms during the crisis period -develop adapting coping strategies -4-6 weeks; directive, high level activity/involvement -local worker sets specific goals and task in order to increase a clients sense of mastery and control. Phases of Intervention - Answer -Engagement -Assessment (Strengths and needs) -Planning/Design intervention -Intervention -Evaluation -Termination Stages of Change Model - Answer -precontemplation -contemplation -preparation -action -maintenance -relapse Change strategies - Answer -modify systems (one on one or larger system) -modify individual thoughts (change interpretation & statements) -modify actions (behavior modification) -advocacy (secure change) -Mediator (negotiates) -modify feedback (alter reinforcement) Motivation Techniques - Answer -identify problem or risk -explain why change is important -advocating change -identify barriers -best course of action -setting goals -taking steps to change -preventing relapse *empathy increases motivation & lowers resistance Universalism (SW Values) - Answer One acceptable norm or standard for everyone dichotomous thinking - Answer "either or" thinking; different are inferior, wrong or bad Roles in Problem Solving - Answer consultant advocate case manager catalyst broker mediator facilitator instructor mobilizer recourse allocator Social role theory - Answer Role ambiguity (no clear role) Role complementarity (carried out as expected; Parent-child role) Role discomplementarity (roles conflict or expectations differ) Role reversal (2+ individuals switch roles) Role conflict (Incompatible/conflicting expectations) Transferece - Answer Client feelings redirected; unconscious, reveal unresolved conflicts Counter Transference - Answer redirection of SW feelings to client; emotional entanglement Community Intervention - Answer -Problem recognition/ Problem definition (seek focus and identify cause of problem) -Information gathering -Goal setting -Operation (implement activities on goal) -Evaluation -Community continues activities Empathy - Answer Understanding involves being non-judgmental, accepting and genuine *positive relationships are an important tool of helping Empathetic communication - Answer -communication style; rapport with clients -starts where a client is and stays attuned -increases the level at which clients explore themselves and their problems -responds to nonverbal communication -decreases defensiveness and engages client in processing and testing new info -defuses anger that represents obstacles to progress --encourages more rational discussion and sets the stage for problem solving problem solving process - Answer E.A.P. A. Being engaged (Engaged) B. Assessing client situation in order to select appropriate goals & means of attaining (Assessment) C. Planning how to employ means (Planning) *Resistance-- clarify the process and specify what will happen and discuss ambivalence Types of interactions - Answer Verbal-- natural Non-verbal-- Gestures, facial expression, eye movement *Humans act in terms of their feelings, attitudes, and understanding; must be taken into account and explore if the helping process is to result in change Group Development - Answer Forming- Pre-affiliation, trust building Storming- power and control Norming- Intimacy; utilize self in group Performing- Differentiation and acceptance of others Termination- Separation and independence Factors affecting groups - Answer -Size -homogeneity -participation -interdependence -member stability Groups help to - Answer Instill hope Universality Altruism Interpersonal learning Self understanding and insight Service (SW Ethics) - Answer Primary goal of SW. Help people in need to address social problems Social justice (SW Ethics) - Answer Challenge injustice Dignity and worth (SW Ethics) - Answer Respect inherent dignity and worth of others Human Relationships (SW Ethics) - Answer Social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships Integrity (SW Ethics) - Answer Behave in trustworthy manner Competence (SW Ethics) - Answer Practice within areas of competence and develop and enhance professional expertise ` group polarization - Answer group decision making when discussion strengthen a dominant point of view and result in a shift to more extreme position than any of the members would adopt on their own Preconscious - Answer contains material just beneath the surface of awareness that can easily be retrieved conscious - Answer contains all the information that a client is paying attention to at any given time unconscious - Answer a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories; information processing of which we are unaware. Id (Freud) - Answer innate biological instinct and urges; self serving, irrational, and totally unconscious; survival, sex, aggression Ego (Freud) - Answer manages the conflict between Id and real world; awareness of impulses has to be delayed in order to accomodate the demands of the real world Ego-systonic - Answer behaviors "insync" with ego (no guilt) Ego dystonic - Answer behaviors "dis-insync" with ego (guilt) Superego - Answer the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong Oral stage - Answer Birth-12 months; sucking, biting, chewing. Fixation: excessive smoking, over eating, dependence on others Anal stage - Answer 2-3 y/o; bowel movement & toilet training Fixation: overly controlling, easily angered Phallic stage - Answer 3-5y/o; genital source of pleasure Fixation: guilt or anxiety about sex Latency stage - Answer 5y/o- Puberty; sexuality is latent, dormant No fixation Genital stage - Answer Begins at puberty; genitals and sexual urges; no fixation Individual psychology (Adler) - Answer Adler's view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, sexual urges or aggression Compensation (Adler) - Answer attempt to shed normal feelings of inferiority Inferiority (Adler) - Answer Overcompensation; try to cover up their sense of inferiority by focusing on outward signs of superiority such as status, wealth and power Self psychology - Answer Defines the self as the central organizing and motivating force in personality. Self psychology needs - Answer Self Psychology, Kohut Mirroring: validates the child's sense of perfect self Idealization: child borrows strength from others & identifies w/ someone more capable Twinship: Child needs an alter ego for a sense of belonging Ego psychology - Answer focuses on the rational, conscious process of the ego. based on assessment of client as presented in the present; goal to maintain and enhance ego's control and management of stress and its effects Psychosocial - Answer Erikson; Describing the relation of the individual's emotional needs to the social environment Trust vs. Mistrust - Answer Birth-1yr; learn the ability to trust others based on the consistency of caregiver, or inability to trust & sense of fear w/ the world Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Answer 1-3 years; assert independence, making choices, build confidence; or feel inadequate, overly dependent, lack self esteem Initiative vs. Guilt - Answer 3-6 years; assert themselves frequently, plan activities, make up games, sense of initiative and ability to lead; or develop sense of guilt, remain a follower, lack self-initiative Industry vs. Inferiority - Answer 6-12 years; develop pride, complete tasks, achievements, feel industrious & confidence; or feel restricted, inferior, doubtful identity vs. role confusion - Answer adolescence; look at future of career, relationships, families, housing, explore possibilities; or hindered, confused about role in the world Intimacy vs. Isolation - Answer young adulthood; leading toward long term commitments w/ others and family, commitment, safety, care in relationships; or avoid intimacy, isolation, loneliness and depression Generativity vs. Stagnation - Answer middle adulthood; individuals establish careers, settle down within relationships and begin families; or becomes stagnant and feel unproductive Ego Integrity vs. Despair - Answer late adulthood; contemplate accomplishments and sense of integrity; or feel unproductive and failing to accomplish life goals, dissatisfied with life and develop despair object relations theory - Answer Mahler; theory. life long relationship skills are strongly rooted in attachments w/ parents Behavioral theory - Answer Theory; Use of reinforcement methods to change learners' behaviors classical conditioning - Answer Learning results from pairing previously neutral (conditioned) stimulus w/ an unconditioned (involuntary) stimulus so conditioned stimulus elicits the response Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) - Answer Uncond. Stimulus--- Uncond. response Uncond. Stimulus +Cond. Stimulus-- Uncond response Cond. stimulus--- Cond. response Operant Conditioning (Skinner) - Answer stimuli precedes behaviors , followed by consequence Antecedent-- response/behavior-- Consequence positive reinforcement - Answer Increases behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers (Ex. Praises, tokens) negative reinforcement - Answer behavior increases w/ negative (aversive) stimulus removed (Ex. remove shock) positive punishment - Answer Stimulus addition of something unpleasant to decrease behavior (ex. hitting, shocking) negative punishment - Answer removal of desirable stimulus following a behavior for the purpose of decreasing or eliminating that behavior (ex. removing something positive such as dessert) cognitive therapy - Answer Piaget; learning to modify dysfunctional thought patterns -Good for anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder sensorimotor stage - Answer 0-2yrs; stage retains image of objects, intentional actions, imitative, symbol meaning begins at end of stage preoperational stage - Answer 2-7yrs; stage magical thinking, night terrors, thinking is concrete, acquire words and symbols, comprehend past, present, future Concrete Operation stage - Answer 7-11yrs; abstract thought, play games w/ rules, cause and effect relationship, independent thinking, thinking is reversible, rules of logic developing formal operational stage - Answer 11-maturity; stage of high level abstraction, planning future, hypothetical thinking, assumes adult roles and responsibilities Kohlberg's stages of moral development - Answer Moral development parallels cognitive development; basis of ethical behavior preconventional morality - Answer Before age 9, obeys authority and fears punishment; Acts acceptably in child's best interest, conforms to rules to receive rewards (Kolhberg) Conventional morality - Answer Early adolescence; acts to gain approval of others, stereotypical norms of morality; Obeys laws and fulfills obligations and duties to maintain social system (Kolhberg) post-conventional morality - Answer Adult; Genuine interest in the welfare of others, individual rights and morally right; Guided by individual principles based on broad, universal and ethical principles (Kolhberg) Behaviorist Learning Theory - Answer Skinner, Pavlov; learning theory viewed through change in behavior and the stimuli in the external environment in order to bring desired change Cognitive learning theory - Answer Piaget; learning theory viewed through internal mental process (insight, info processing, memory, perception)and the locus of learning is internal cognitive structures Humanistic learning theory - Answer Maslow; learning theory is viewed as a person's activities aimed at reaching the full potential, locus of learning is meeting cognitive and other needs, develop whole person Social learning theory - Answer Bandura - learning is obtained between people and their environment (interactions and observations) community organizing - Answer focused on harnessing the collective power of communities to tackle issues of shared concern Sources of power - Answer legitimate, reward, coercive, expert, referent, informational Person in Environment - Answer Client centered; understand clients experiencing difficulties with their roles, self-perceptions, and expectations/ interactions with others and in the context of their environment; Risk factors for alcohol and drug abuse - Answer Family Social Psychiatric Behavioral Biopsychosocial model - Answer model incorporates hereditary, emotional, psychological problems, social influence and environmental problems; Measures biology, psychology, social aspects of a person Stages of treatment (substance abuse) - Answer Stabilization Rehabilitation Maintenance Treatment approaches - Answer Medication assisted Psychosocial/psychological Behavioral therapies Self-help groups (AA, NA) Communication (code of ethics) - Answer SW should only solicit information essential for providing services cognitive dissonance - Answer person has to choose between 2 contradictory attitudes & beliefs Congruence - Answer Matching agreement, experience, or communication Echolalia - Answer repeating noises and phrases; associated w/ catatonia, autism, schizophrenia Compensation (Defense Mechanism) - Answer enables one to make up for real or fancied deficiencies (person who stutters becomes more expressive writer) Conversion (defense mechanism) - Answer repressed urge is expressed disguised as a disturbance of body function, usually of sensory, voluntary nervous system (as pain, deafness, blindness, paralysis, convulsion) Denial (defense mechanism) - Answer primitive defense, inability to acknowledge true significance of thoughts, feelings, wishes, behavior, or external reality factors that are consciously intolerable Introjection & Internalization - Answer internalization of outside events or characteristics of other people (victim identify with aggressor's behavior to protect himself) Dissociation (Defense mechanism) - Answer process that enables a person to split mental functions in a manner that allows them to express forbidden or unconscious impulses without taking responsibility for the action; unable to remember the disowned behavior (fugue states, amnesia) displacement (defense mechanism) - Answer directing an impulse from a socially unacceptable target onto a more acceptable one (man angry at boss & kicks his dog) Identification (defense mechanism) - Answer qualities of an external object are absorbed into one's personality (Bruce Lee fan becomes martial arts champion) Inhibition (defense mechanism) - Answer loss of motivation to engage in activity avoided because it might stir up conflict over forbidden impulses (writing, learning, work blocks, social shyness) Asceticism (defense mechanism) - Answer characterized by rigor and self-denial (refuses to ear or sleep until major project is done) Intellectualization (Defense Mechanism) - Answer avoid uncomfortable emotions by focusing on logic and facts projection (defense mechanism) - Answer primitive defense; placing one's disowned attitudes, wishes, feelings and urges to some external person or object Rationalization (defense mechanism) - Answer 3rd line of defense; not unconscious. Giving believable explanation for irrational behavior Regression (defense mechanism) - Answer partial or symbolic return to more infantile patterns of reacting or thinking (dependency during illness) Repression (defense mechanism) - Answer refuses to let into awareness unacceptable impulses but remains unconsciously operative behavior Splitting (defense mechanism) - Answer person perceives self and others as "all good" or "all bad"/ associated w/ Borderline Personality sublimation (defense mechanism) - Answer displace unacceptable instincts for constructive and socially acceptable behaviors (person who has angry feelings channels into sports) Undoing (Defense Mechanism) - Answer person uses words or actions to symbolically reverse or negate unacceptable thoughts, feelings or actions (being overly nice to someone she insulted in her mind) Turning against self (defense mechanism) - Answer defense to deflect hostile aggression or other unacceptable impulses from another to self reaction formation (defense mechanism) - Answer adopts attitudes or engages in behaviors opposite of unconscious belief (Pt is feeling resentment toward sister but reports happy memories with a sister & buys her a necklace) Trauma symptoms - Answer Shock, denial, anger, irritability, shame, guilt, anxiety, fear, confusion, difficulty concentrating; insomnia, nightmares, startled easily, fatigue, aches, pain, agitation, muscle tension Cycle of violence - Answer Tension building Battering incident Honeymoon social exchange theory - Answer social behavior is the result of an exchange process; exchange is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. authoritarian style - Answer Children have high socialistic achievement but issues w/ depression and low self esteem Permissive style - Answer parents are more "friends" and linked to lower achievement and problems with authority Uninvolved style - Answer parents are not meaningfully present, and children are low achievers with little self control and competence authoratative style - Answer rules are democratic and supportive, and produce positive results in many domains Internal validity - Answer Confidence placed in the cause & effect relationship; How much an intervention can be correlated to behavior External validity - Answer extent to which we can generalize findings to populations, settings and treatment variables Concurrent validity - Answer results of a particular test or measure correspond to those of a previously established measurement for the same construct predictive validity - Answer testing a group of subjects for a certain construct then comparing them with results obtained at some point in the future Reliability - Answer overall consistency of a measure test retest reliability - Answer the consistency in results every time a measure is used interobserver reliability - Answer degree to which different observers score the same phenomenon Needs assessment - Answer used to determine what group of people need or how they are being underserved to improve services Program evaluation - Answer looks at specific program to see how effective it is to determine what changes might need to occur -identify goals -describe characteristics of organization -engage in process evaluation -define outcomes to be measured -measure outcomes -report & disseminate findings Internalization and commitment (cultural identity) - Answer Cultural development where a person has time to encounter and process new data about areas of difference, seek knowledge and find comfort in both cultural identity and those of others Pre-encounter (cultural identity) - Answer client may or may not be consciously aware of their culture, race, ethnicity and how it may affect their life Encounter (cultural identity) - Answer client has encountered a situation that provokes thought about the role of cultural, racial, ethnic identification (positive or negative encounter) Immersion Emersion (cultural identity) - Answer encounter forces client to confront culture, exploration follows, information seeking Symbolic modeling - Answer uses media such as film to show desired behaviors participant modeling - Answer 2 step process where a demo w/the expectation that the behavior will be demonstrated by the participant Covert modeling - Answer draws on imagination and visualization to help client "see" themselves doing desired behavior live modeling - Answer watching a real person perform the desired behavior Maslow basic needs (Deficiency needs) - Answer 1. Physiological 2. Safety 3. Social 4. Esteem Maslow growth needs - Answer Self-actualization