1 Describe the continuum of mental health and mental illness.
Continuum of Mental Health and Mental Illness
What is Mental Health?
1 Adequate to high-level functioning under stress
1 What is Mental Illness?
1 Definitive changes in functioning.
2 Mental Illness refers to all mental disorders w...
Mental Health Exam 1 Review
Mental Health/ Mental Illness/ Relevant Theories & Therapies
1 Describe the continuum of mental health and mental illness.
1 Continuum of Mental Health and Mental Illness
1 What is Mental Health?
1 Adequate to high-level functioning under stress
2 What is Mental Illness?
1 Definitive changes in functioning.
2 Mental Illness refers to all mental disorders with definable
diagnoses. These disorders are manifested in significant
dysfunction that may be related to developmental,
biological, or psychological disturbances in mental
functioning.
2 Continuum of health depends on where you are in health.
3 WHO defines mental health as a state of well-being in which each
individual is able to realize his or her own potential, cope with the normal
stresses of life, work productively, and make a contribution to the
community. Mental health provides people with the capacity for rational
thinking, communication skills, learning, emotional growth, resilience,
and self-esteem.
4 Psychiatry’s definition of mental health evolves over time. It is a
definition shaped by the prevailing culture and societal values, and it
reflects changes in cultural norms, society’s expectations, political
climates, and even reimbursement criteria by third-party payers.
5 Mental health continuum:
1 Mental health/ mental illness can be conceptualized along a mental
health continuum.
2 Example: comments of a 40yr old woman illustrate the continuum
b/w illness and health as her condition ranged from 1) deep
depression to 2) mania to 3) health.
, 3
2 Explain the parts and purpose of the mental status exam and DSM-V System.
1 Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE)
1 Quantifies cognitive function and decline
1 Only a snapshot of one period of time
2 Commonly used to determine presence of
1 Delirium
2 Dementia
3 Very subjective
1 Potential for own culture and background to
influence results
2 Example: Proverbs
1 A stitch in time saves nine
2 Cognitive= thinking
1 Cognitive function= mini mental status Exam
2 Used to see how well cognitive function globally.
• DSM-V (5) CRITERIA: DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISICAL MANUAL
OF MENTAL DISORDERS Published by APA
DSM-5
• Diagnostic classification
• Diagnostic criteria sets
• Descriptive text
• SYMPTOMOLOGY/CAUSES
, • INFLUENCED BY CULTURE AND ETHNIC FACTORS
• DEVELOPMENTAL HIERARCHY
• AXIS(es) now Sections
• Section I:
• Introduction of Changes
• Section II:
• Diagnostic criteria and ICD-10(9)-CM
• Section III:
• Emerging Measures and Models
• Assessment Measures
• Cultural Formulation
• Alternative DSM 5 Model for Personality Disorders
• Conditions for Further Study
Objective 2: Text pg. 11
1 The DSM-5 it identifies disorders based on criteria in clinical settings such
as inpatient, outpatient, partial hospitalization, consultation-liaison,
clinics, private practice, primary care, and community populations. The
DSM also serves as a tool for collecting epidemiological statistics about
the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Since the 3rd edition the criteria for
classification of mental disorders have been sufficiently detailed for
clinical, teaching, and research purposes.
1 Describe practice settings.
• Psychiatric Nursing
• Two levels
• Basic
• Individuals-families-groups-communities
• Assess mental health needs-develop nursing diagnoses-plan-
implement-evaluate care
• Promote health-assess dysfunction-improve client coping abilities-
prevent further decline
• Health promotion
• Management of therapeutic environment
• Assisting with self-care
• Psychobiologic treatments
, • Crisis intervention
• Counseling
• Case management
• Inpatient hospital
settings
• Psychiatric hospitals
• Residential environments
• Alcohol/drug rehab centers
• Nursing homes
• Partial hospitalization programs (PHPs)
• Intensive outpatient programs (IOPs)
• Outpatient clinics
• Community: MHMR
• Private practice
• Tele psychiatry
1 Define contributions of various theorists.
1 Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalytic Theory
1 Levels of awareness
1 Conscious- It contains all the material a person is aware of
at any one time, including perceptions, memories, thoughts,
fantasies, and feelings.
2 Preconscious- which contains material that can be retrieved
rather easily through conscious effort.
1 Retrievable information
2 Unconscious- includes all repressed memories, passions, and
unacceptable urges lying deep below the surface.
1 Repressed (knowledge/ trauma)
3 Personality structure
1 Id- is the source of all drives, instincts, reflexes, needs,
genetic inheritance, and capacity to respond, as well as the
wishes that motivate us. The id lacks the ability to
problem solve; it is not logical and operates according to
the pleasure principle. The only needs that count are its
own.
1 Drives
2 Ego (how we solve problems)- It is able to differentiate
subjective experiences, memory images, and objective
reality and attempts to negotiate with the outside world.
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