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AS/A level Biology Summary - non-specific & specific defences against pathogens $5.86   Add to cart
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AS/A level Biology Summary - non-specific & specific defences against pathogens
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OCR A A level biology notes: non-specific & specific defences against pathogens Year 1 and AS: Module 12 - communciable diseases (12.5-12.6) concise and simple summary notes on defences against communicable diseases

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Document information

  • July 4, 2023
  • 3
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • a level biology
  • defences against pathogen
  • biology
  • summary notes
  • blood clotting
  • wound repair
  • phagocytosis
  • immunity response
  • cell mediated immunity
  • humoral immunity
  • lymphocytes
  • neutrophils
  • macrophages
  • s

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  • A/AS Level
  • OCR
  • Biology A
  • Non-specific & specific defences against pathogens
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NON-SPECIFIC DEFENCES (primary)

BLood clo:ng + wound repair
When a person cut themselves, blood flows out —> so blood clo8ng happens to
prevent pathogens from entering

⁃ Platelets rush to collagen in damaged area and adhere —> forming a temporary
clot TEMPORARY PLATELET PLUG
⁃ And secrete 1. ThromboplasBn 2. Serotonin

ThromboplasBn (clo8ng factor) ; serotonin: makes SMOOTH MUSCLES IN WALLS OF
blood vessels contract —> reduce blood flow to damaged area

⁃ ThromboplasBn, along with Ca2+, converts prothrombin to thrombin (which is an
enzyme that is now acBvated)
⁃ Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin (then forms FIBRES)
⁃ Then aSaches to platelets to form a net trapping RBC and platelets —>
(permanent) CLOT formed


Clot then turns into a scab, the process is:
⁃ Fibrous collagen deposits UNDER SCAB
⁃ stem cells DIVIDE BY MITOSIS, move to the edge of cut, differenBate to form new
cells FORM NEW SKIN
⁃ New blood vessels GROW to SUPPLY NUTRIENTS and oxygen to new cells
⁃ TISSUES CONTRACT TO DRAW EDGES OF CUT TGT —> REPAIR COMPLETE
⁃ Scab is the released

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