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Assignment 3 2023
Due 27TH July 2023
Question 1.1
a) Conflict theorists posit that class inequality arises from the unequal distribution of
power and resources in society, leading to conflicts between different social classes.
This perspective is supported by the work of Bowles and Gintis, economists and
sociologists, who emphasize the role of education in the reproduction of the labour
force within capitalist societies. They argue that education serves as a mechanism
for socialization, moulding individuals to accept the prevailing social and economic
order, rather than challenging it. From their viewpoint, education perpetuates social
inequalities by imparting values, behaviours, and skills that align with predetermined
roles within the capitalist system (Bowles & Gintis, 1976).
To further support this perspective within the South African context, an additional
source is the article "Education, Inequality, and the Future of South Africa" by J.
Soudien (2011). The article explores the intersection of education and inequality in
South Africa, discussing how the education system both reflects and reproduces
social disparities. It analyses the impact of historical and structural factors on
education, shedding light on the perpetuation of social inequalities through the
educational system.
b) According to functionalists, class inequality is seen as necessary and motivating in
society. It serves as a driving force for individuals to occupy important positions that
fulfil essential functions. Functionalists argue that the upper classes, who hold
positions of governance and management, play critical roles in maintaining the
smooth functioning of society. As a result, they believe that these individuals deserve
rewards that are proportionate to their contributions.
According to the functionalist perspective, class inequality is viewed as essential and
motivational within society. It is believed that class divisions create a system where
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