Quick summary of primary and secondary data in Psychology that I have been taught, really good for making flashcards or any other sort of revision you may need for your A levels.
Primary data - Data you have collected for the purpose of this study (first hand data) E.g
interview, observation, questionnaire.
STRENGTHS
Researcher has control over the data, data collection can be designed specifically to the aim.
LIMITATIONS
Time consuming
Secondary data - Data that was collected for another purpose and used in the current study.
STRENGTHS
Easily collected from external sources
LIMITATIONS
Data might not exactly fit the needs of the study
Meta-analysis – combines findings from loads of different studies to draw an overall
conclusion.
→ An example of secondary data
E.G A researcher combines the findings from previous twin studies examining concordance
rates for schizophrenia (to produce an overall effect size). This will help the researcher to
answer the Q: is schizophrenia genetic?
STRENGTHS
More valid - findings are based on huge amounts of data
High generalisation - huge amounts of data based
LIMITATIONS
Publication bias - researcher tends to include studies that have a significant result and ignores
studies without a significant result.
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