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NR 507 Week 8 - Final Exam Questions and Answers
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Chamberlain NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam Questions and Answers
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Chamberlain NR 507 – Advanced PathophysiologyFinal Exam Questions and Answers 2024-2025
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection?
Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Pregnancy
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
Urgency
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a shorter urethra.
True
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
Increase water consumption
Risk factors for a UTI
pregnancy
sexually active
post-menopause
estrogen-deficiency
women (shorter urethra)
catheterization
An upper UTI is less common in men due to the longer urethra and ureter structures that make
it more difficult for bacteria to reach the kidney.
True
Complicated UTI
-A UTI that extends beyond the bladder
-Caused by structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities or untreated UTI
-Infants and older adults affected
-Associated with: indwelling catheters, renal calculi, Diabetes, Pregnancy
Uncomplicated UTI
-Occurs in the normal urinary tract
-Responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy
-Simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any urologic abnormalities
Most common cause of UTI bacteria
E-coli
, Uncomplicated UTI
Protein +/_
Leukocyte Esterase +
Nitrites +/_
RBCs +/_
WBCs +/> 5000/hpf
Casts - None
Complicated UTI
Protein +/_
Leukocyte Esterase +
Nitrites +/_
RBCs +
WBCs +/> 100,000/hpf
Casts +
NP education:
- Drink more water.
- Although there are differences of opinions, cranberry juice and vitamin C can help to acidify
the urine.
- Urinate before and after sexual intercourse to remove bacteria from the urethral area.
- Encourage the female to avoid holding urine for extended periods of time.
- Avoid the use of hygiene sprays and spermicides because they alter the normal microbial flora
to enhance the risk for infection.
- Encourage the female to wipe from the front to the back after a bowel movement to avoid
spreading bacteria to the urethra
- Encourages showers rather than bathing to avoid the spread of bacteria.
A 25-year-old female presents to the primary care office with urinary burning and frequency for
the last 3 days. She denies any fever, chills, back pain. Her gynecological history is negative and
reports no vaginal discharge. The only new information reported is that she recently had sexual
intercourse with a new male partner. The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the urine
contains leukocytes, RBCs, nitrites, and WBCs. No casts are identified. Based on symptom
presentation and UA results, the patient can be diagnosed with:
Cystitis
J.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local nursing home. He recently became confused
and then fell while ambulating to the bathroom three days ago. Because of his confusion and
fall, he was transferred to the acute care facility for evaluation and treatment. Lab work
revealed that the patient was very dehydrated with hypernatremia identified and appropriate
intravenous fluids start- ed. Cystitis was also identified from the urinalysis. He was also noted to
have red and excoriated skin between the buttocks and inner thighs due to urinary frequency
and dribbling. To help with skin healing and to prevent further urine leakage, an indwelling
catheter was inserted. Two days after the catheter was placed, the patient spiked a fever of 102
degrees Fahrenheit associated with shaking chills. An intense, foul odor was noted in the urine.
On examination of the flank area, the patient yelled out when touched. A urine culture was
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