Summary
Samenvatting Gedrag en Maatschappij UA 2022/2023
- Course
- Institution
Samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges en werkcolleges + powerpoints van het academiejaar
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
JefVermassen
Reviews received
Content preview
2022-2023
Gedrag en maatschappij
WERKCOLLEGES EN HOORCOLLEGES
1E BACHELOR TOEGEPASTE ECONOMISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN
,Inhoudsopgave
HOORCOLLEGE 1: GEDRAG 25 FEBRUARI 2022 ....................................................................................................... 7
1.INLEIDING ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.HET VAK GEDRAG EN MAATSCHAPPIJ ............................................................................................................................................ 7
3.HOMO SAPIENS: EEN BIJZONDER PARADOX ................................................................................................................................... 8
4.WIE IS DE HOMO SAPIENS? .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.GESCHIEDENIS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8
5.1 Gedragswetenschappen zijn een huwelijk tussen rationalisme en empirie ..................................................................... 8
5.2 Oorsprong gedragswetenschappen: interessen voor bewustzijn ..................................................................................... 8
5.3 Conflict leidt tot waaier van wetenschappelijke benadering ............................................................................................ 9
5.4 Moderne benaderingen................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.WAAROM GEDRAGSWETENSCHAPPEN VOOR ECONOMEN? ........................................................................................................... 9
6.1 Begrip voor economische anomalieën (= feiten) .......................................................................................................... 9
6.2 Gedrag en bedrijfskunde .................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.3 Een goede theorie is domein-overschrijdend en beidt toepassingsmogelijkheden in diverse uiteenlopende gebieden 10
WERKCOLLEGE 2: DE BIOLOGISCHE BASIS VAN HET GEDRAG 4 MAART 2022 ................................................... 11
1.GESCHIEDENIS VAN HET LEVEN OP AARDE ..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.GEDRAG........................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
3.HET BREIN (EVOLUTIE) ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.WERKING VAN HET ZENUWSTELSEL ............................................................................................................................................. 12
4.1. Neuron of cel ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.2. De werking......................................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.3. Hoe snel is een zenuwimplus? .......................................................................................................................................... 13
4.4. Organisatie van het zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................................... 13
5.NEUROTRANSMITTERS ................................................................................................................................................................. 13
5.1. Dopamine ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14
6.HET BREIN ................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
HOORCOLLEGE 2: DE BIOLOGISCHE BASIS VAN HET GEDRAG 4 MAART 2022 .................................................. 16
1.DOELSTELLINGEN......................................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.NATURE VERSUS NURTURE........................................................................................................................................................... 16
3.GEDRAGSGENETICA EN HERITABILITEIT........................................................................................................................................ 16
3.1 Gedrag = f(genen, omgeving en gen*omgeving) ............................................................................................................... 17
4.EPIGENETICA ............................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Wat is epigenetica? ............................................................................................................................................................ 17
4.2 Hoe werkt epigenetica ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.3 Epigenetica is overal .......................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.4 Genetica en de verantwoordelijkheid voor de diversiteit ................................................................................................. 18
5.EVOLUTIE .................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
5.1 Evolutie via natuurlijke selectie ......................................................................................................................................... 18
5.2 Evolutie via verwantschapselectie ..................................................................................................................................... 19
5.3 Evolutie via seksuele selectie ............................................................................................................................................. 19
5.4 Evolutie via culturele groepsselectie ................................................................................................................................. 19
6.DE SOCIALE HERSENEN HYPOTHEKE ........................................................................................................................................... 20
6.1 Evidentie dat het leven in grotere groepen heeft bijgedragen tot de evolutie van intelligentie .................................... 20
6.2 Algemeen besluit ................................................................................................................................................................ 21
WERKCOLLEGE 3: NEURO-ECONOMIE 11 MAART 2022 ........................................................................................ 22
1.STUDIE VAN DE HERSENEN: ONDERZOEKSMETHODEN ................................................................................................................. 22
1.1 lestsels en laesies .................................................................................................................................................................22
1.2 Elektronische en magnetische stimulatie .........................................................................................................................22
1.3 Elektro-encefalografie (EEG) ........................................................................................................................................22
1.4 Beeldstudies ........................................................................................................................................................................22
2.NEURO-ECONOMIE..................................................................................................................................................................... 22
PAGINA 1
, 3.AGENDA: HOE NEMEN MENSEN BESLISSINGEN? ............................................................................................................................23
3.1 Kiezen tussen verschillende productie............................................................................................................................... 23
3.2 Sociale uitwisselingen ........................................................................................................................................................ 23
3.3 Tijd verdisconteren ............................................................................................................................................................ 24
4.KRITIEK OP DE NEURO-ECONOMIE ............................................................................................................................................. 24
5.TOEKOMST VAN DE NEURO-ECONOMIE ...................................................................................................................................... 25
5.1 Verleden ...............................................................................................................................................................................25
HOORCOLLEGE 3: BEWUSTZIJN 11 MAART 2022 ................................................................................................... 26
1.WAT IS BEWUSTZIJN? .................................................................................................................................................................. 26
2.TOEPASSINGEN VAN BEWUSTZIJN ............................................................................................................................................... 26
2.1 Slapen ................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
2.2 Meditatie ............................................................................................................................................................................ 26
2.3 Hypnose ..............................................................................................................................................................................27
3.PSYCHOLOGISCHE EIGENSCHAPPEN GEKOPPELD AAN HET BEWUSTZIJN ...................................................................................... 27
4.BEWUST BESEF IMPLICEERT GEEN BEWUSTE WIL ......................................................................................................................... 30
5.SENSATIE EN PERCEPTIE .............................................................................................................................................................. 30
5.1 Begrippen sensatie en perceptie ........................................................................................................................................ 30
5.2 Sensatie en perseptie zijn losgekoppelde processen ........................................................................................................ 30
6.BEWUST ZIEN EN BEWUST WAARNEMEN ..................................................................................................................................... 30
6.1 Bewuste perceptie ............................................................................................................................................................... 31
7.PERCEPTUELE CONSTANTIEWET .................................................................................................................................................. 31
8.IS BEWUSTZIJN CONTORLEERBAAR? ............................................................................................................................................. 31
WERKCOLLEGE 4 : IS HET BEWUSTZIJN STUREND? 18 MAART 2022 ................................................................... 33
1.AANWIJZINGEN VOOR BEPERKTE BEWUSTE CONTROLE ................................................................................................................. 33
1.1 Illusionaire sensaties ........................................................................................................................................................... 33
1.1.1 Eerste aanwijzing van bewuste controle .......................................................................................................................... 33
1.2 Automatismen .................................................................................................................................................................... 33
1.3 Veranderingsblindheid ....................................................................................................................................................... 33
1.4 Bewustzijn vraagt tijd ........................................................................................................................................................ 33
1.5 Hersenlateralisatie ............................................................................................................................................................ 34
2.IS HET BEWUSTZIJN STUREND? .................................................................................................................................................... 36
3.ONS INFORMATIEVERWERKINGSSYSTEEM IS EEN ‘DUBBEL RESPONSE’ SYSTEEM ........................................................................... 36
4.IS ER VRIJE WIL?.......................................................................................................................................................................... 36
HOORCOLLEGE 4: EMOTIES 18 MAART 2022 ......................................................................................................... 37
1.HISTORISCH OVERZICHT ..............................................................................................................................................................37
1.1 Charels Darwin ....................................................................................................................................................................37
1.2 William James .....................................................................................................................................................................37
1.3 Walter Cannon ...................................................................................................................................................................37
1.4 Waarderingtheorie ....................................................................................................................................................... 38
1.5 Schachter’s 2-factoren theorie ..................................................................................................................................... 38
2.TRANSFER VAN EXCITATIE........................................................................................................................................................... 38
2.1 Schachter & singer 1974 .................................................................................................................................................... 38
2.2 Aaron & Dutton 1974 ........................................................................................................................................................ 39
3.EIGENSCHAPPEN VAN EMOTIES ................................................................................................................................................... 39
3.1 Reactie op iets uitzonderlijks ............................................................................................................................................ 39
3.2 Emoties zijn expressief ...................................................................................................................................................... 39
3.3 Emoties veroorzaken opwinding ...................................................................................................................................... 40
3.4 Emoties zijn gekoppeld aan conginitieve waardering..................................................................................................... 40
3.5 Emoties zijn actiegericht ................................................................................................................................................... 41
4.DE FUNCTIONELE BENADERING VAN EMOTIES ............................................................................................................................ 42
4.1 Door hun actiegerichthied verhogen emoties de overlevingskansen ............................................................................. 42
4.2 Emoties zijn informatief ................................................................................................................................................... 42
5.EMOTIES EN SOCIALE RELARIES ................................................................................................................................................... 43
PAGINA 2
, 5.1 Emoties als adaptaties om samenwerking in groep te bevorderen ................................................................................. 43
WERKCOLLEGE 5: GEHEUGENTEST 25 MAART 2022 ............................................................................................. 45
1.SERIËLE POSITIECURVE ................................................................................................................................................................ 45
1.1 Verklaring voor het seriële positie effect ........................................................................................................................... 45
1.2 Traditioneel Model van het geheugen (volgend Atkinson &Shiffrin) ............................................................................. 45
2.GEHEUGEN ................................................................................................................................................................................. 45
2.1 Korte termijn geheugen (KT) ............................................................................................................................................ 45
2.2 Lange termijn geheugen (LT) ........................................................................................................................................... 45
2.3 Werkgeheugen model ....................................................................................................................................................... 46
2.4 Werkgeheugen en executieve functies ............................................................................................................................. 46
2.5 Informatie opslaan (KT → LT)......................................................................................................................................... 46
3.EBBINGHAUS VERGEET-CRUVE .................................................................................................................................................... 47
4.DE 7 ZONDEN VAN HET GEHEUGEN ............................................................................................................................................ 47
4.1 Adaptieve redenen voor de zonden van het geheugen ..................................................................................................... 47
HOORCOLLEGE 5: COGNITIE 25 MAART 2022 ....................................................................................................... 48
1.BEGRIPPEN .................................................................................................................................................................................. 48
2.INFORMATIE ............................................................................................................................................................................... 48
2.1 Informatie verwerken ........................................................................................................................................................ 48
2.2 Dubbele informatieverwerking ......................................................................................................................................... 48
3.RATIONALITEIT........................................................................................................................................................................... 49
3.1 Rationaliteit en het keuzegedrag van mensen ................................................................................................................. 49
3.2 Affectheuristiek ................................................................................................................................................................. 50
3.3 Beschikbaarheidsheuristiek .............................................................................................................................................. 50
3.4 Representativiteitsheuristiek ........................................................................................................................................... 50
3.5 Beslissingskaders................................................................................................................................................................ 51
3.6 Beperkte rationaliteit ......................................................................................................................................................... 51
3.7 Fast and frugal heuristics .................................................................................................................................................. 51
4.INTELLIGENTIE (NIET ENKEL VOOR MENSEN ................................................................................................................ 52
4.1 Intelligentiedefiniëren vs meten ........................................................................................................................................52
4.2 Intelligentie opvatting van Cattell: ...................................................................................................................................52
4.3Spearman’s “G” factor .........................................................................................................................................................53
4.4 Psychometrische versus cognitieve theorieën van intelligentie ......................................................................................53
4.5 Gardner’s meervoudige intelligentietheorie .....................................................................................................................53
5.PROBLEEMOPLOSSEND DENKEN...................................................................................................................................................53
WERKCOLLEGE 6: LEERPROCESSEN 1 APRIL 2022 ................................................................................................ 55
1.WAAROM LEREN? ........................................................................................................................................................................55
2.SOORTEN LEERPROCESSEN...........................................................................................................................................................55
2.1 Klassieke conditionering ....................................................................................................................................................55
2.2Appetitieve conditionering .................................................................................................................................................55
2.3Aversieve conditionering ................................................................................................................................................... 56
2.4Operante conditionering (instrumenteel leren) ...............................................................................................................57
2.5Vergelijking aversieve versus appetitieve conditionering ................................................................................................ 56
2.6Klassieke en operante conditionering (instrumenteel leren) .......................................................................................... 58
3.BEKREACHTIGING SCHEMA’S ....................................................................................................................................................... 57
4.STRAFFEN EN BELONEN............................................................................................................................................................... 58
4.1Negatieve effecten van straf ............................................................................................................................................... 58
5.KRITIEK OP CONDITIONERINGSPROCESSEN ................................................................................................................................. 59
5.1Tolman’s cognitieve kaarten .............................................................................................................................................. 59
6.PROCESSEN IN HET OBSERVEREND (SOCIAAL) LEREN .................................................................................................................. 59
7.DRIEWEGSINTERACTIE: OMGEVING, INDIVIDU EN GEDRAG ......................................................................................................... 60
8.NIEUWE KIJK OP LEERPROCESSEN: “PREDICTIEVE CODING” ......................................................................................................... 60
HOORCOLLEGE 6: MENSEN IN GROEP 1 APRIL .................................................................................................... 61
PAGINA 3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller JefVermassen. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.01. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now