WGU D027 OA Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

cystic fibrosis - ANSWER-effects pancreas, increased mucus Klinefelter syndrome - ANSWER-A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome Turner Syndrome - ANSWER-A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted. Alpha Thalassemia - ANSWER-Severe anemia, do not give ferrous sulfate B and T cells - ANSWER-Mature in bone marrow, the go to thymus/spleen/liver Lichen planus - ANSWER-causes extreme itching Pityriasis Rosea - ANSWER-Itchy patch-like rash in children actinic keratosis - ANSWER-caused by UV exposure, precursor to squamous cell carcinoma Glucocorticoids - ANSWER-Tx for cancers that arise from lymphoma tissue, can be toxicities with long term treatment Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) - ANSWER-Tamoxifen; used for pts with hormone-receptor positive breast cancer after mastectomy Normal EF - ANSWER-55-60% Best way to look at structure/fxn of heart - ANSWER-Echo Left sided heart failure - ANSWER-affects pulmonary vasculature, increased JVP, S3, rales right sided heart failure - ANSWER-1. Jungular Vein Distention 2. Ascending Dependent Edema 3. Weight Gain 4. Hepatomegaly (Liver Enlargement) Stage 1 hypertension - ANSWER-130-139/80-89 Stage 2 hypertension - ANSWER->140 or >90 first line HTN drugs - ANSWER-ACE-I ARB CCB Thiazide diuretics Ischemic heart disease - ANSWER-Chest discomfort, physical exam normal; must take aspirin or another antithrombic EKG changes with MI - ANSWER-ST elevation is usually MI, while ST depression is angina chronic bronchitis - ANSWER-excess mucus production, chronic productive cough, smooth muscle hypertrophy Emphysema - ANSWER-decrease in alpha1-antitrypsin Asthma - ANSWER-Obstruction reversible! Know triggers, usually worse at night common ICS - ANSWER-Budesonide, Fluticasone Common LABAs - ANSWER-Salmeterol, Formoterol Back Pain - ANSWER-Do not give narcotics/opioids; H&P is good for diagnosis if in first 4-6 wks of pain acromegaly - ANSWER-overproduction of growth hormone Addison's disease - ANSWER-a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone Hyperthyroidism - ANSWER-Tx with PTU GFR in CKD - ANSWER-Good >90, Stage 5 <15, need dialysis ACE inhibitors adverse effects - ANSWER-cough, hyperkalemia, fetal injury, angioedema Beta blockers (beta adrenergic antagonist) - ANSWER-Propanolol is nonselective, should not be used in patients with asthma; should be give to patients for 6 months after AMI Statins - ANSWER-Muscle pain is an emergency -> rhabdo Hemoglobin A1C - ANSWER-Goal <6.5%, poor>9%