NUR 2102 Abdomen and Gastrointestinal Assessment Questions and Answers

NUR 2102 Abdomen and Gastrointestinal Assessment Questions and Answers GI Assessment - ANSWER ø GI symptoms common, sending people of all ages in search of relief ø Diagnosis depends heavily on accurate and thorough history taking ø It is essential to delineate the sequence of patient symptoms ø Mastery of the abdominal assessment to provide quality health care ø GI symptoms one of the #1 reasons for ED visits ø Patient Hx is important ø Must ensure order of Hx is correct Gastrointestinal Tract - ANSWER Series of hollow, mucus membrane lined muscular organs designed to: ø ingest fluid and nutrients for absorption and use by the body ø assist in fluid and electrolyte balance ø receive gallbladder and pancreatic enzymes ø temporarily store feces - colon Functions of the GI Tract - ANSWER *Digestion* ø Breakdown -carbs in mouth ø Absorption -nutrients ø Elimination *Absorption* ø Movement ø Diffusion ø Active transport ø Most nutrients are metabolized in the liver and converted to energy Solid Viscera - ANSWER Maintain shape ø Liver ø Pancreas ø Spleen ø Kidneys ø Adrenal glands ø Uterus ø Ovaries *spleen not palpable Hollow Viscera - ANSWER Usually not palpable; depend on contents ø Stomach ø Gallbladder ø Colon ø Bladder ø Small intestine Stomach - ANSWER ø Function: Store food, mix food with gastric secretions, empty contents into the small intestine ø Absorbs only small amounts of water, alcohol, electrolytes and drugs ø Secretes HCL acid, water, mucus, intrinsic factor( Vitamin B 12 absorption in the small intestine) * mucus lining to protect stomach wall * gastric acid - breaks down carbs and peptides into proteins * triglycerides ⟶ fatty acids and glycerol * sphincters - lower esophageal sphincter - regulates food going into stomach pyloric sphincter - regulates emptying of stomach into sm. intestine Small Intestine - ANSWER ø Measures ~ 23 feet long ø Extends from the pyloric opening to the ileocecal valve ø Contain villi that excrete digestive enzymes that aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients * duodenum * jejunum * ileum Large Intestine - ANSWER ø Measures ~ 6 feet long