AQA A Level History American Revolution Summary Notes - Colonies by 1763
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Course
Depth Study (2G)
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AQA
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Access to History: The American Revolution and the Birth of the USA 1740–1801, Third Edition
Summary notes covering the first bullet point for the specification The American Colonies by 1763, for depth option 2G American Revolution . Includes key information for policies and attitudes affecting the relationship with Brit6ian and her colonies. Also includes essay plans for previous exam que...
2G The Birth of the USA 1760-1776 A* A-Level Summary Notes (Part 2)
2G The Birth of the USA 1760-1776 A* A-Level Summary Notes (Part 1)
AQA A Level History American Revolution Summary Notes and Essay Plans - Washington and Adams' Presidencies
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1) BRITAIN AND THE AMERICAN COLONIES 1760-1763
Context:
VA (1607), MA (1620), by 1650 CT, NH, RI and MA, NY captured from Dutch (1664), 1660s NJ, NC, SC, 1680s
PA, DW, GA (1732)
More self-rule than in Spanish or French colonies
No assimilation with Natives
Great awakening – questioning authority, focus on personal relationship with God
Enlightenment – growth of scientific and logical, thinking, questioning tradition and authority
Proprietary (ruling family), corporate (business) or charter (royal)
13 Colonies:
New England – two corporate (more democracy), fishermen and merchants, export trade from Boston and
NY ports
Middle – major city Philadelphia, PN and DW proprietary, mostly farmers, wheat flour exports, large quaker
population, minority of Catholics
Southern – farming tobacco, indigo, cotton and rice, Anglican, rich planters, strict societal hierarchy
Government:
Geography – surrounded by rival territories, far from Britain, tension over disputed territory, still need for
protection
Growing ethnic diversity – less British feel
Proprietary – ruling family elects governor, voting for elected upper and lower houses
Corporate – votes elect governor and both houses
Charter – crown choses governor, lower house elected by votes
Britain’s Department of Trade and Secretary for the Southern States
Treasury, war office, admiralty
Salutary neglect – leaving colonies to own devices, only intervention for trade
Mercantilism:
Growing economies for mother country’s benefit
Trade and Navigation Acts – all cargos in British ships, enumerated commodities (sugar, cotton, indigo,
ginger, tobacco) could only be exported to England, European goods for colonies shipped to England first
Checks on colonial manufacturing – Wollen Act 1699, Hat Act 1732, Molasses Act 1733, iron Act 1750
Wasn’t well enforced, probably helped colonies – protected market, increased shipbuilding industry
Politics of Empire:
George III first Hanoverian King to be raised in Britain – wanted to be more influential in politics and
government policy
Britain not democratic – only small percentage of population eligible to vote, few independent MPs, wealthy
landowners decided who could be candidates
Two political parties
- Whigs – stood for reform, popular rights, opposed royal power, associated with wealthy m/c and
aristocratic families
- Tories – resistance, mainly country gentry, did not want religious tolerance or foreign entanglements
After 1720 – Robert Walpole, Henry Pelham, Duke of Newcastle
By 1760 – neither Whigs nor Tories had stronger influence – factionalised instable politics
William Pitt – supported colonial expansion, responsible for victory in 7 years war, removed by King
Lord Newcastle – salutary neglect, focused on Europe
Lord Bute – tutor to King, accused of influencing authoritarianism
George III – crowned 1760, complete legal authority over British citizens, paternal view of colonies, went
mad
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