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, Question 1
1.1 Writing instruction cannot be taught as an isolated component. It must be integrated with the other
skills (speaking, reading, listening and language structures and conventions). This implies that any
writing instruction must follow after a discussion was done about the topic that the learners have to
write about. Discuss the following techniques and state why they should be done during the
planning/pre-writing phase of writing instruction:
1.1.1 Brainstorming (5)
Brainstorming: Brainstorming is a valuable technique to employ during the
planning/pre-writing phase of writing instruction. It involves generating ideas and
gathering thoughts related to a specific topic. Here are five reasons why brainstorming
should be done during this phase:
1. Idea generation: Brainstorming allows learners to generate a variety of ideas related to
the writing topic. It encourages them to think creatively and explore different
perspectives, enhancing the depth and breadth of their writing.
2. Collaboration: Brainstorming can be conducted in groups, fostering collaboration and
peer interaction. Learners can share their ideas, build upon each other's thoughts, and
gain new insights, leading to richer content in their writing.
3. Organization and structure: Through brainstorming, learners can organize their thoughts
and create an outline or a plan for their writing. It helps them identify key points,
supporting details, and the overall structure of their composition, ensuring coherence
and logical flow.
4. Overcoming writer's block: Brainstorming alleviates the pressure of starting a piece of
writing from scratch. It provides learners with a pool of ideas to draw from, reducing
writer's block and enhancing their writing productivity.
5. Engagement and motivation: By involving learners in the brainstorming process, their
engagement and motivation towards writing increase. They feel empowered as active
participants in shaping their content and gain a sense of ownership over their writing,
which can lead to improved outcomes.
1.1.2 Word chains (5)
Word chains: Word chains involve generating a series of related words or associations
linked to a given topic. Here are five reasons why word chains should be used during
the planning/pre-writing phase:
1. Vocabulary expansion: Word chains help learners explore and expand their vocabulary
related to the writing topic. By thinking of different words associated with the main idea,
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