skills and techniques USAHS Midterm Questions and Answers 100% correct 2023

skills and techniques USAHS Midterm Questions and Answers 100% correct 2023 what is contact precautions? used to prevent transmission of infectious agents that are spread by direct or indirect contact with patient or environment. when would you use contact precautions? excessive wound drainage, fecal incontinence, other discharges from body with increased risk of transmission what are the Contact precautions guidelines? wash hands before and after entering, gloves, gown (when in direct contact with patient or environment), 3ft between beds and dedicated equipment what is droplet precautions? used to prevent transmission of pathogens spread through mucus membranes or close respiratory contact with respiratory secretions what are the guidelines for droplet precaution? wash hands before and entering room, wear a mask, pt. should have a private room, and pt. should wear a surgical mask outside of room what are airborne precautions? used to prevent transmission of infection agents that remain infectious over long distance when suspended in air examples of airborne precautions chickenpox, measles, TB, SARS-CoV what are the guidelines for airborne precautions? wash hands before and after entering room, wear N-95 respirator (fit test needed), discard mask after leaving room, room should be private with door remaining closed, patient should wear mask when transported Doning PPE order hand hygiene gown mask eye protection gloves Doffing PPE Order Gloves eye protection gown mask hand hygeine Which cushion is the lowest cost, and has firm support? standard foam Which cushion is best to use in combination with the standard foam? Gel or memory foam the standard foam is best for individuals with low risk of...... developing pressure sores which cushion is primarily used for support and positioning? standard foam which cushion is supportive and pliable that moves with used but keeps them in place? Gel Which cushion is best used in cased of advanced skin breakdown and/or for bariatric users? Gel+Foam which cushion prevents the patient from leaning? wedge/positioning How would you position a wedge cushion to prevent the patient from leaning forward or slouching? High posterior and low anterior Which cushion is the best for patients with decreased sensation or history of pressure sores? ROHO Which cushion would you choose for a 28-year old male who sustained a SCI at the T-12 level and has lack of sensation and motor control from waist-level down? ROHO Which cushion would you choose for a 55-year old female in early stage of MS who has poor upright posture and increased forward shoulders and thoracic kyphosis? wedge/positioning which cushion would you choose for a 62-year old female with diabetes mellitus and obesity and is developing stage II pressure ulcers on bilateral ischial tuberosities? gel cushion which cushion would you choose for a 78-year old female recovering from a UTI after staying at the hospital for 1 week with no other underlying conditions? Standard foam The wheel chair ________ sometimes require an extension to allow caregivers to maintain a more upright position when transporting hand grips/push handles _______ aid in safety, pressure reduction and position for a wheelchair user armrest pads ______help balance and contain the user in the wheelchair armrests when transferring a patient, a ______ is typically removed to create an unobstructed transfer plane. side panel the wheelchair seat width is usually the measurement of the ______ between the arm rests seat upholstery the ______ is sometimes outfitted with straps to help users maintain an upright position when appropriate wheelchair back upholstery to make transfers easier____ are usually removable and swing away riggings a _____ that is too high or too low can cause discomfort and can put more pressure on your joints footplate wheelchair caster wheels are mounted to a _____ assembly caster fork the ________ swivel in all directions to improve your wheelchairs maneuverability front casters the ____ are two of the four points of the wheelchair that come in contact with the environment and they are the instrument through which independent manual mobility happens rear wheels a _____ on the rear wheels help protect the nuts and bolts of the wheel and maintain its integrity and safety cap hub the most common type of wheelchair______ are called the push/pull lock brakes what can too narrow of a wheelchair cause? restriction and pressure on greater trochanters what problems can occur is a wheelchair is too wide? hard to drive and navigate What is the ideal width of a wheel chair? one finger width between hip and wheelchair side what is the ideal depth/length of a wheelchair two finger widths from back of the knee what are some problems when the wheelchair is too deep/too long? creates pressure on the popliteal fold and causes pressure behind the leg and cuts off circulation causing a risk to skin integrity. Also causes the patient to slouch forward. what are some problems when the wheelchair is too narrow/too short? creates a feeling of instability for the patient and increase risk of pt falling out of the chair. causes the pt. to push pack in the chair causing more pressure on ischial tuberosity. what are some problems when the leg rest is too long? feet push down and causes pressure areas on the back of the femurs what are some problems when leg rests are too high? it causes bending of the legs and puts pressure on the ischial tuberosities what are some problems when the arm height is too high? causes the scapula to elevate and makes it harder for the pt to reach around the armrest to get to the driver rim or drive wheel what are some problems when the arm height is too low? depresses the scapula and makes it uncomfortable in the shoulder area. creates a lack of support for the arms to sit comfortably what are some problems when the back upholstery is too high? pt may not be able to propel the wheelchair because they are hitting arms against the back of the wheelchair what are some problems when the back upholstery is too low? the pt is not supported and the trunk doesn't have support so the they will have decreased stability with the wheelchair what is the ideal back upholstery height? just below the inferior angle of the scapula what is the ideal posture in a wheelchair? hips to the back of the seat at a 90 degree angle knees at a 90 degree angle feet firmly supported on footrests leg resting on the seat surface posture isn't always possible how long can someone sit in one position when they have no feeling in their butt and has a history of open pressure ulcers on their butt and is unable to shift their weight? 1 hour how long can someone sit in one position if they are under 18/still growing and arms or legs become highly rigid or tense making movement stiff or slow? 2 hours What is independent assistance? the patient is able to perform without any type of assistance, including verbal and manual assistance what is a modified independent assistance? patient may require verbal cues or assistive/adaptive equipment. (bedrails or sliding board) What is standby assistance? the patient requires cues, directions or instructions from another person positioned close to the patient but not touching them what is contact guarding assistance? the patient requires a person positioned close to and with contact on the patient what is minimal assistance? the patient performed more than 75% of the activity what is moderate assistance? the patient performs 50-74% of activity what is maximal assistance? the patient performs 25-49% of activity what is dependent assistance? the patient requires total physical assistance from one or more persons to accomplish the activity safely; special equipment may be used what are the benefits of proper use of body mechanics and core stability? energy conservation reduces stress and strain on body structures reduces risk of personal injury elads to safe movements of the spine promotes and maintains proper body control and balance promotes effective and efficient respiratory and cardiopulmonary function what is object COG? point where the object is heaviest to move or most difficult to adjust to a new position what is a person's COG? 2nd sacral segment in center of pelvis how do you adjust COG to reduce torque to move or carry an object? position the persons COG closer to the objects COG. its easier to adjust the COG of an object than a Person what is the proper body position during a deep squat lift? hips below knees feet straddling object arms parallel to each other grasp opposite sides, handles or under bottom maintain a vertical trunk and lumbar spine in lordosis with slight anterior pelvic tilt