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Cellulair Signaltransduction - Voorbeeld examen vragen + antwoorden
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Examples of CST questions:Explain the signaling program that leads to the increase of free intracellular calcium when
GPCR receptors are activated?
G alpha q pathway:
1. Signaal molecuul/ligand bindt aan de GPCR (wordt geactiveerd)
2. Geactiveerde Gq eiwit activeert fosfolipase C-beta en die produceert de 2nd messengers: IP3
en DAG
3. DAG activeert protein kinase C en opent de calciumkanalen in de endoplasmatisch reticulum.
Tegelijkertijd is IP3 gebonden aan de calciumkanalen.
4. Ca2+ komt vrij
5. Calcium kan dan binden aan calmodulin (= geactiveerd) activeert CaM-kinase
activatie van transcriptie factoren.
Could autocrine signaling by growth factors contribute to cancer progression? Explain your
answer.
Ja, want door autocriene signaling produceren de tumorcellen hun eigen EGF.
Why are some nuclear receptors called orphan receptors and what is so special in terms of
their functionality?
Voor sommige receptoren is het nog steeds onbekend welke liganden aan de receptoren
binden.
Orphan Nuclear Receptors kunnen als dimeren en monomeren werken en remmen
genexpressies, vooral de monomeren.
Describe in at least five steps how EGF binding to the EGF-receptor can lead to
transcriptional activation of EGFR target genes.
1. EGF bindt aan EGFR
2. Fosforylatie van de receptorstaart
3. GRB2 binding (PTB, SH2, SH3)
4. SOS binding
5. RAS binding
6. RAF binding
7. MEK binding activeert MAPK/ERK
8. Activatie van target genen
Describe how interleukin signaling regulates T helper 1 and 2 cells via the balance between
GATA3 and t-bet.
IL-4 is een cytokine die de differentiatie van Th2 cellen stimuleert GATA3 komt tot uiting
op Th2 cellen GATA3 inhibiteert IFN-gamma productie.
T-bet correleert met IFN-gamma en komt tot uiting op Th1 en T-bet neemt dus toe bij veel
Th1 en IFN-gamma.
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