Pre-hospital notes are brief records created by pre-hospital healthcare providers during emergencies. They include patient information, assessment findings, interventions performed, and the patient's response to treatment. These notes serve as a communication tool between pre-hospital providers and...
Skeletal and Muscle Systems.
Unit 1 What are the function of the skeletal and
Anatomy and Physiology muscle systems.
Anatomical Position is when a diagram is support your body's weight and help you
facing forward, standing straight with their move
arms by their side.
EX. . What is the Differentiate between the
axial and appendicular skeletons.
AXIAL – CONSISTS OF THE HEAD,
NECK, THORACIC, AND SPINAL
COLUMN.
APPENDICULAR – CONSISTS OF
UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITIES
(LEGS AND ARMS).
What is the function of the vertebral
column and list its components.
I. Cervical (7)
II. Thoracic (12)
III. Lumbar (5)
IV. Sacrum (5)
V. Coccyx (4)
The components of the
thorax.
• Ribs, Sternum
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is relatively stable positions The components of the
of the Boyds environment. pectoral girdle.
What is and organ and an organ The components of the
systems? pelvic girdle.
A organ is a specialized structure that has • Sacrum and coccyx and ilium
a function.
Ex Your heart, lungs and kidneys Explain the following:
A organ system is a group of organs • Articulation = is the place of union or
arranged to preform a system. junction between two or more bones of
Ex. Circulatory system the skeleton
• Ligament = a band of white bres tissue
What is metabolism? that connects bones
Metabolism is when all chemicals • Tendon = a band dense connected
breakdown and building reactions need to tissue that connects bones to muscle.
maintain life.
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,Joint movements Alveoli are air sacs, they have very thin
1. Flexion = is bending the limbs walls, gas exchange occurs by diffusion,
(reduction of angle) at a joint oxygen goes into the capillary’s i.e., into
2. Extension = is straightening of limbs the blood and the carbon dioxide goes
(increasing in angle) at a joint back into the air sacs.
3. Hyperextension = a particular joint is Diffusion is the spreading of particles in
straightened beyond its normal, either gas or liquid to a equal distribution
healthy range of motion.
4. Abduction = moves the limb laterally What are the mechanics of ventilation?
away from the midline of the body. • Inspiration occurs when the diaphragm
5. Adduction = is the opposing and the external intercostal muscles
movement that brings the limb contract.
towards the body or across the • Expiration occurs when the diaphragm
midline. and the intercostal muscles relax.
What are the main stimulus of breathing?
The increased concentration of carbon
dioxide.
Circulatory System
Describe the function of the circulatory
system.
To carry oxygen to every cell and carries
other nutrients throughout the body and
removes waste.
Identify the three main components of the
How do the bones and muscles work circulatory system.
together to produce movement? Heart, Arteries/veins and Blood
All muscles are attracted to bones. The
origin is the immovable attachment, the Differentiate between arteries, veins and
insertion is the movable, when attraction capillaries in terms of function.
occurs execution moves towards the (Away)Arteries = Arteries carry oxygen-
origin. This is stimulated by the neutrons. rich blood from the heart to the rest of the
body.
Respiratory System
Describe the function of the respiratory Capillaries = Capillaries transport blood
system. to to all the cells of the rest of the body
and nourish them with oxygen. (Gas
Place oxygen into the blood stream and exchange)
removes carbon monoxide from the blood
stream. Veins = Carry oxygen poor blood back to
the heart.
What is the process of gas exchange *Arterial and venous blood*
between the alveoli and the pulmonary
capillaries.
, Nervous system
Describe the function of the nervous
system.
Control of movements, receive and
interrupt sensation, regulates body
activities, and generates memory and
thought.
Identify the two main divisions of the
nervous system and the function of each.
Central : made up of the brain and spinal
cord. Brain initiates message; spinal cord
take message to body parts.
Peripheral: Includes all nerve bres
outside of brain and spinal cord.
(Motor nerves : carry info from your brain
State to your body ignorer for movement o be
the normal volume of blood in an adult. generated - Sensory nerves: carry info
5-7 Litres is the volume of blood from body back to the brain - Autonomic
circulating in the adult human body. nervous system: Responsible for
specialized body responses)
State the location and function of
hemoglobin. State the main function of the cerebrum,
Location :The hemoglobin is in red blood cerebellum and brain stem.
cells Function :carries oxygen to your Cerebrum (Largest & uppermost part of
body's organs and tissues and transports brain) : Controlling consciousness,
carbon dioxide from your organs and memory, sensations, emotions and
tissues back to your lungs. voluntary movements
Digestive System
Cerebellum (Second largest part of the
Describe the function of the digestive
brain) : controls normal movements
system.
Allows for eating, digestion, absorption of
food and nutrients, and removal of solid
wastes (Gastreal testial system)
Locate the four quadrants of the
abdomen.
• Right upper Quadrant (RUQ)
• Left upper Quadrant (LUQ)
• Right lower Quadrant (RLQ)
• Left Lover Quadrant (LLQ)
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