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BMW3010 - Multimorbiditeit in Obesitas - Case 3
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BMW3010 –Multimorbiditeit in Obesitas – Case 3, BMW3010 –Multimorbiditeit in Obesitas – Case 3
WHAT IS BAT? WHAT IS BRITE ADIPOSE TISSUE ? WHAT IS WAT? (DIFFERENCES)
White adipose tissue (WAT)
Functions:
Specialized for the storage of energy in the form of triglycerides
Major endocrine organ – steroid hormones and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin,
resistin)
Location:
Subcutaneous depot – hypodermal region of the abdomen and buttocks and
thighs
o Pear-shaped
Visceral depot – intra-abdominal region surrounding vital organs
o Apple-shaped
Each depot is characterized by distinct patterns of gene expression and, consequently,
distinct functions that implicate them to varying degrees in obesity. The distribution of fat
between these depots is associated with varying degrees of risk for poor metabolic health
– particularly associated with increased risk of metabolic disorders/T2DM: enlarged
visceral adipose storage
Composition:
Mainly composed of unilocular, lipid-laden adipocytes with their committed precursors
(preadipocytes), and to a lesser extent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial cells,
fibroblasts, macrophages, and T-cells
Obese subjects
- WAT undergoes expansion to accommodate TG overload, characterized by
adipocyte hypertrophy (1) and hyperplasia (2).
- Adipokine dysregulation which likely result in insulin resistance, hyperglycemia,
dyslipidemia, hypertension, and pro-inflammatory states
Brown adipose tissue (BAT)
Composition:
BAT is being composed mainly of smaller adipocytes with multilocular lipid droplets and
abundant mitochondria.
Functions:
BAT functions as a thermogenic tissue, catabolizing lipid by mitochondrial beta-oxidation
and dissipating energy as heat in response to cold and sympathetic innervation. This is
possible because of expression of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1).
UCP-1 is activated by free fatty acids, and its principal function is to dissipate the
proton electrochemical gradient that is generated across the
mitochondrial membrane during respiration – uncouples
substrate oxidation from ATP production and releases energy as
heat
Obese subjects
BAT is negatively correlated with percentage of body fat
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