NURS 251 Pharmacology Module 2 STUDY GUIDE 2023 LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+.

NURS 251 Pharmacology Module 2 STUDY GUIDE 2023 LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+. Module 2 2.1: Introduction Nonprescription medications, perhaps more commonly known as over-the-counter (OTC) medications, are medications that are available without a prescription and are available in most cases without restriction. There are a few medications that do not require a prescription but are kept behind the pharmacy counter and ID is required for purchase. An example of this would be any medication containing the decongestant pseudoephedrine. Pseudoephedrine when combines with other easily obtainable items can be used to make crystal meth. In recent years, many medications that once required a prescription are now available OTC. Common examples of this would be the allergy medication loratadine (Claritin) or the acid blocker esomeprazole (Nexium). It is important to note the degree of oversight varies between OTC medications and other options like dietary and herbal supplements. Starting in 1972, the FDA started an OTC drug review with the goal of ensuring these medications are both safe and effective. In general, there are commonly accepted criteria that would make a medication appropriate for OTC status. Table 2.1 below lists this criterion. The second goal was to establish appropriate labeling standards. During this initial review, many drugs were either found to be ineffective or in some cases even unsafe. The medications determined to be unsafe were removed from the market. Over time, most drugs that were deemed ineffective have also disappeared from the shelves. Table 2.1 Criteria for Over-the-Counter Status Indications for use Consumer must be able to: · Diagnose the condition · Monitor effectiveness Benefits of correct use are greater than the risks Safety Profile Drugs Must have: · Favorable adverse events profile · Limited interactions with other drugs · Low potential for abuse · High Therapeutic Index Practicality for OTC Use Drugs must be: · Easy to use · Easy to monitor It is important to keep in mind that OTC medications are not without their risks, especially for patients that may have other comorbidities (other chronic diseases). Many of the medications available over the counter may cause harm in patients with diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and glaucoma. It is important to educate patients that have comorbidities to ask a health care professional prior to taking OTC medications, especially if they intend to take the medication continuously. In most cases, OTC medications are simply treating symptoms and are not getting to the cause of the problem. In some cases, the use of OTC medication can prevent someone from s