Contains all the information required to achieve top grades at A-Level
Packed with descriptions on fuel types and helpful grids to improve memorisation of the information.
Biofuels, adaptation, mitigation, alternatives, renewables and unconventional fuel sources are all covered.
• Biogeochemical carbon cycle
• Outgassing
• Sequestration
• Carbon fixation
• Carbon cycle pumps
• Biological carbon pump
• Energy security
• Primary and secondary energy
o Primary – natural energy resources that are not yet converted into another form of
energy, including non-renewables such as fossil fuels and renewables
o Secondary – primary resources have been converted into electricity
• Primary and secondary biofuels
• Energy pathways – the route by which energy type is transferred from the production areas
to consumption areas by pipeline or shipping lane
• Atmosphere – stored as carbon dioxide
• Biosphere – stored as organic molecules in living and dead plants and animals
o In the soil it is stored as organic matter from dead plant material and activity of
microorganisms – the decay process releases CO2 back into the atmosphere
• Oceans – stored as dissolved carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate in shells of marine life
which can fall to the sea fall and become marine sediments
o Much of the carbon is stored at depth, only 4% found in the upper/surface ocean
• Lithosphere – stored as fossil fuels and sedimentary rock such as limestone and chalk
o Lithosphere = largest carbon store
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