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Summary Topic 1: Cell Structure Notes
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1. Cell structure1. 1 The
:
Microscope in Ceu studies
calculate
magnifications of images and annual sizes
of specimens from drawings photomicrographs and
,
neuron
micrograph
.
Magnification = measured
length
actual size = measured
length
scale bar label
Magnification
| If / |
Unit Abbr .
Metric
Equivalent
Kilometer km 1,000m 103m
In
cent ,miner
.
can
I:m In
o.am , ozm
6m
-
micrometer µm 0.000001m 10
"
nanometer nm 0.000000001m 15 m
Define resolution and magnification and explain the differences between these terms , with
reference to hjwr
microscopy and electron microscopy
Magnification
Magnification is how
many
times
bigger
the
image of specimen
a observed is in
comparison to the actual size
of the
specimen
.
A
light microscope has two types of hens :
lens
→
eyepiece
↳ fixed at ✗ to
magnification
→ Objective lenses
↳ ✗ 4 ✗ 10 ✗ 40
, ,
] ✗these numbers to workout
total
magnification
Resolution
→ the to
distinguish two separate points
ability
The resolution
of light muioswpe is limited by the wavelength of light
a
↳ as light passes through the specimen it is diffracted
↳ the longer the wavelength the more diffraction
higher resolution and magnification
Electron have much
microscopes a
↳ much smaller wavelength than visible light
↳ can be much closer before diffracted beams
overlap
, 1.2 cells : as the basic units
of living organisms
Recognise organelles and other cell sometimes
found in eukaryotic cells and outline their structures and functions limited to :
cell Membrane
surface
exchange of
→ controls the materials between the internal an environment and the external environment
' '
→ partially permeable
→ formed from a
phospholipid bilayer of phospholipids
Cen Wan
structural
provide
→ to the an
support
→ made of cellulose in plants
bacterium
peptidoglycan in
→ narrow threads
of plasmodesmata convert the cytoplasm of neighbouring plant aus
Nucleus
→ cell
containing chromatin C complex of DNA and histone
provins)
a
↳
generic
mavenin
if the an
in an
→ present eukaryotic
cars
→ double membrane lnuueur envelope) separates it
from the agwpnasm .
→
Nalleur
pores allow mRNA and ribosomes out
of the nucleus
(Dna into the nucleus
enzymes polymerase)
Mitochondria
→ site
of aerobic respiration in
eukaryotic cues
→ matrix contains
enzymes
needed
for aerobic respiration
→ small curium
pieces of DNA found in matrix
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