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Summary Unit 9: Immunity Notes $3.87
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  7. Unit 9 - H Gas Exchange

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Summary Unit 9: Immunity Notes
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  • Course
  • Unit 9 - H Gas Exchange
  • Institution
  • CIE

Hand-made digital notes and diagrams on the entirety of Immunity Topic written spec-by-spec point to ensure all content is covered Compatible with all exam boards but predominantly CIE

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Document information

  • July 12, 2023
  • 5
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • biology
  • cie
  • a level
  • handwritten
  • digital
  • neat
  • gas exchange
  • lungs
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • goblet cells

Written for

  • A/AS Level
  • CIE
  • Biology
  • Unit 9 - H Gas Exchange
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Topic 9 :
Gas Exchange
" "" "




" ° " §
÷ ÷ É ÷? ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ : ÷ ÷ ¥ ÷ ÷ f j É ÷ ÷ ÷⇐
LUN b



INTERCOSTAL
MURLE

BRONCHIOLE
0




THAPARAbou ✓
:* .



ALVEOLI




Trachea is the
airway
that leads
from the mouth and nose to the bronchi .




hired with & cilia
secreting goblet
mucus ,
cells

↳ sweep dust and
nuuooiganisms away
ton
of c-
shaped cartilage from the
lungs

lungs are the location
of gas exchange pair of central respiratory
,
system
Bronchi are located at the bottom
of the trachea ,
less
cartilage ,
branch
off the trachea
Bronchioles are narrow tubes which air to alveoli No
cartilage collapse
carry can
.




,




Alveoli is the main site
of gas exchange tiny ,
sacs with
↳t
large sin
thin walls
: v
,
enable
efficient gas exchange


capillary Network is an extensive network
of capillaries surrounding the alveoli and are an
exchange supine
between

blood
and the
Oz diffuses from alveoli → capitanes
hugs ] gas exchange
.




co, diffuses from capillaries → alveoli

, 8.
Haemoglobin & Oxygen
1 6 Red
.



Blood Cells ,




Transport of oxygen
→ Bends to
haemoglobin in red blood cells


Each 4 harem bond with
→
haemoglobin molecule has groups ,
each able to

one molecule
of oxygen
↳
eijwv atoms per haemoglobin
molecule




binding of the first oxygen
the in
402 t Itb →
Hbog molecule remiss

a
confirmation change the shape of the haemoglobin
as to


Oxygen 1- Haemoglobin →
Oxyhaemoglobin
molecule it easier
,
making
the other
for
molecules to
oxygen
bind

↳ the law mobile is the harder to dissociate
oxygen
carbon Dioxide
transport

→ waste CO
, diffuses from tissues into the brood
following aerobic respiration
↳ ↳ H no, 1- 6oz → 6coat 61+20

3 CO2 is
→
ways transported
:




red Matt
[ to % with
haemoglobin in
haemoglobin reaching
cells as cansamino red blood cells
( 102)


5% dissolved coz
plasma as
in



plasma
" "
°
[ 85% in
carried as
hydrogen carbonate Heoj plasma


Red the reunion between
blood cells contain the
anhydrase
carbonic which

carbon dioxide and water to
enzymecarbonic acid canapes
produce
↳ without the this reaction would occur
enzyme
coz t
of
+

H2O I Hz Cos I
Hug 1- It much slower in
Manna than cytoplasm
red
-



in


[ blood uns
overrun
equations
combined



→ mineuse in Ht ions leads to increase in
pH of blood altering
,
structure
of haemoglobin and
forcing the release


of oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin Cenwmyes the dissociation)


↳ this is
beneficial ,
T levels
of coz =
T levels
of
aerobic
respiration .
: need
for oxygen higheris

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