Hand-made digital notes and diagrams on the entirety of Genetic Technology
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Compatible with all exam boards but predominantly CIE
Genetic Technology
19 1
Principles of genehi kihnhgy
.
1. Define the turn recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA is DNA that is made
my artificially firing together pieces of DNA from two or more
different
species
19.12 Genetic
Engineering
2 .
Explain
that
genetic engineeringand
is the
manipulation of genetic material to modify
deliberate
spaihi charmhenithis
of an
organism that this
may
involve
transferring fine
into
organism
a an
fare expressed
sothat the is
www.gve used chanutunhi
to
→
deliberately modify a speifi
Explain thatfares
3. to be transferred into
organism maybe
an :
extracted
from DNA of
donor
organism
→ a
→ Involves :
denied
running gene
→ a
into another
transferring organism
→ the vector
gene wring
a
denied then
expressed
→ is
gene
→
synthesised from
the mRNA
of a donor
organism
the contains recombinant DNA and is said
genetically modified
to be
organism
now
1 I Matin
.
of denied fare
2. Cut restriction endonucleases
wring
3 .
Reverse
mrnniptnre to
form cDNA
from
mRNA
Creating gene artificially wing
4 .
the ambitious
→
synthesised cheniinlhy from nucleotides
1
Multiplication of the gene curing Pull
.
2.
Transfer into the organism using aviator
3 .
Identification of the cells with the new gene (by using a marker) ,
which is then owned
, 4.Explain the roles
of restriction endonucleases DNA
hjase plasmids DNA
polymerase and , ,
,
reverse
transhiptone
in the into
transferof fare a an
organism
Extinction of genes
→ use
of renin him endonucleases
→ exhumed
from beutenir that
tgpnirthy used to defend against battingnaps
bind to DNA
specific site
→ a on
↳ Hind 111 will to the
always bind base
same
e.g
:
MMM
↳
unevenly cut the DNA double helix
→ AAGCTT
to
produce sticky
/Munt ends
↳
helpful they
as can hold two
pieces of
DNA
together 1- easier
for DNA
I
give to our
↳ easier to insert the denied another DNA 1-
fare into organism
's can more
pieces ofDNA
H bonds with that have
form
other
easily complementary bases on
-
been restriction
by
cut
enzymes
mRNA and reverse
transcriptase
lirate the denied the mRNA used to transcribe that
gene by using gene
→
→ mRNA combined with a reverse
transcriptase enzyme and Mutohdes to form a cDNA
↳
single strand
-
→ DNA
polymerase comets CDMA → DNA double 8ham U
Advantageous bellum
for scientists to find them↳
→ easier
no introns in mRNA
Artificial synthesis
( → sueritists are
becoming more
familiar with base sequencesfor↳ proteins our
becoming possible
' used now
being
to create
to
now
buy The
genes
synthesise genes artificially
vaccines
1- synthesise→
www.jwnes
used to the Muleotide
new
computers generate sequence
↳ rather than mRNA
template
→ show
fragments of DNA first produced which are
joined together to make longer
sequences of Mlllefhdes which are then minted into rectors
Ceg plasmids)
:
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