EAPS 112 Exam 2 Questions & Answers 2023/2024
What are the three components needed to make steel? - ANSWER-Iron, Coal, Limestone
What is relative dating? - ANSWER-Using the layers of rock to sequence the fossils in a sediment. We only know the order, not how long ago an event occurred.
Wha...
EAPS 112 Exam 2 Questions & Answers
2023/2024
What are the three components needed to make steel? - ANSWER-Iron, Coal, Limestone
What is relative dating? - ANSWER-Using the layers of rock to sequence the fossils in a sediment. We
only know the order, not how long ago an event occurred.
What are the different divisions of time? - ANSWER-Eons, eras, periods, epochs
What is absolute dating? - ANSWER-Determining the actual age of an event or object in years, usually by
radiometric dating. Radiometric dating is most common.
What is Neptunism? Who was it proposed by? - ANSWER-Abraham Werner, it said that all rocks were
derived from a universal ocean (water). Problem: Basalt
What was Plutonism? - ANSWER-The origin of all rocks were volcanic. Proposed by James Hutton
(uniformitarianism)
What is Walters law? - ANSWER-states that the vertical succession of facies reflects lateral changes in
environment. Conversely, it states that when a depositional environment "migrates" laterally, sediments
of one depositional environment come to lie on top of another.
What is a guide fossil? What are its characteristics? - ANSWER-It is used to identify certain periods of
time. It must be abundant, widespread, easily recognizable, and a shore range.
What are the four types of unconformity? - ANSWER-Angular (angled rock)
Non (igneous below sed)
Dis (see erosion surface)
Para (rocks are different in age)
, What are some facts about atoms? - ANSWER-Atomic mass - of an element is equal to the number of
protons and neutrons.
Atomic number - of an element is equal to the number of protons.
Isotopes - A nuclear species of a chemical element having a different number of neutrons in the nucleus
than other isotopes of the same element.
When was the Precambrian Era? What processes started to form? - ANSWER-4.6 bya to 542 mya, roughly
88% of geologic time.
Initial formation of the Earth
Development of cratons (cores of continents)
Initiation of plate tectonics
Formation of Oceans and Atmosphere
First prokaryotic and eukaryotic life
What is the Archean Eon? - ANSWER-It is a subset of the Precambrian, specifically the first half. (4.56 bya
to 2.5 bya)
What is the Proterozoic Eon? - ANSWER-It is a subset of the Precambrian, specifically the second half.
(2.5 bya to 542 mya). it is better understood than the Archean
How old are the moonrocks? - ANSWER-They are roughly 4.5 to 4.6 bya, about the same as the age of
the Earth! It is thought that the moon was formed by an impact event on the Earth.
What was the Big Bang Theory? - ANSWER-That the universe began with a tremendous explosion that
causes the expansion of the universe to where it is today. It is continuing to expand. Galaxies formed due
to gravitational attraction.
What is redshift? - ANSWER-The movement of light to the red end of the spectrum due to an increase in
the wavelength of waves emitted by a star or galaxy due to its motion away from us (meaning it is
accelerating away, universe is ~15 to 18 bya).
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