Deze samenvatting bevat alle literatuur voor het tentamen IPU. Deze samenvatting bevat alle nodige literatuur voor het tentamen, waardoor je een mooie voldoende haalt, zonder het boek te gebruiken. Zelf heb ik een 8 op het tentamen gehaald, met deze samenvatting.
,Inhoud
Table of Contents
Inhoud.......................................................................................................................................................................2
Hoofdstuk 1. Europese Unie......................................................................................................................................8
1.1 Internationaal recht.........................................................................................................................................8
1.1.1 Staatssoevereiniteit..................................................................................................................................8
1.1.2 Internationale organisaties......................................................................................................................8
1.2 De EU en haar doelstellingen..........................................................................................................................9
1.2.1 Vrede en welzijn.......................................................................................................................................9
1.2.2 Ruimte van vrijheid, veiligheid en recht...................................................................................................9
1.2.3 Interne markt...........................................................................................................................................9
1.2.4 Economisch en Monetaire Unie...............................................................................................................9
1.2.5 Beschermen van mensenrechten...........................................................................................................10
1.4 Beginselen.....................................................................................................................................................10
1.4.1 Gelijkheidsbeginsel.................................................................................................................................10
1.4.2 Evenredigheidsbeginsel..........................................................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 2. Instellingen van de Europese Unie....................................................................................................12
2.1 de Europese Raad..........................................................................................................................................12
2.1.1 Samenstelling van de Europese Raad....................................................................................................12
2.1.2 Taken van de Europese Raad.................................................................................................................12
2.2 Europese Commissie.....................................................................................................................................12
2.2.1 Samenstelling Europese Commissie.......................................................................................................12
2.2.2 Benoeming van de Commissie...............................................................................................................12
2.2.3 Taken en bevoegdheden Europese Commissie.....................................................................................13
2.3 Raad van de Europese Unie...........................................................................................................................13
2.3.1 Samenstelling van de Raad....................................................................................................................13
2.3.2 Taken en bevoegdheden van de Raad...................................................................................................13
2.4 Europees Parlement......................................................................................................................................13
2.4.1 Samenstelling van het Europees Parlement..........................................................................................13
2.4.2 Taken van het Europees Parlement.......................................................................................................14
2.4.3 Rol nationale parlementen.....................................................................................................................14
2.5 Hof van Justitie..............................................................................................................................................14
2.5.1 Samenstelling van het Hof.....................................................................................................................14
2.5.2 Taken van het Hof..................................................................................................................................15
2.5.3 Nationale rechter...................................................................................................................................15
2.6 De gewone wetgevingsprocedure.................................................................................................................15
2.6.1 Eerste lezing...........................................................................................................................................16
2.6.2 Tweede lezing.........................................................................................................................................16
2
, 2.6.3 Bemiddeling............................................................................................................................................16
2.6.4 Derde lezing............................................................................................................................................16
Hoofdstuk 3. Wetgeving, directe werking en staatsaansprakelijkheid...................................................................17
3.1 Vormen van Europees recht..........................................................................................................................17
3.1.1 Verdragsartikelen...................................................................................................................................17
3.1.2 Verordeningen........................................................................................................................................17
3.1.3 Besluiten.................................................................................................................................................17
3.1.4 Richtlijnen...............................................................................................................................................17
3.1.5 Aanbevelingen en adviezen...................................................................................................................18
3.2 Handvest van de grondrechten.....................................................................................................................18
3.2.1 Ontstaansgeschiedenis van het Handvest.............................................................................................18
3.2.2 Werkingssfeer van het Handvest...........................................................................................................18
3.2.3 Rechten en beginselen...........................................................................................................................18
3.2.4 Beperkingen...........................................................................................................................................18
3.2.5 Verhouding Handvest met EVRM en Grondwet....................................................................................19
3.4 Doorwerking..................................................................................................................................................19
3.4.1 Rechtstreekse werking en voorrang......................................................................................................19
3.4.2 Doorwerking verdragen.........................................................................................................................20
3.4.3 Doorwerking verordeningen en besluiten.............................................................................................20
3.4.4 Doorwerking richtlijnen..........................................................................................................................21
3.4.5 Vormen van directe werking..................................................................................................................21
Hoofdstuk 1. Algemene begrippen.........................................................................................................................21
1.1 – Inleiding......................................................................................................................................................21
1.2 – Staat en staatsrecht....................................................................................................................................22
1.2.1 De criteria uitgewerkt............................................................................................................................22
1.2.2 Totstandkoming van een staat...............................................................................................................22
1.2.3 Rechtspersoonlijk...................................................................................................................................22
1.3 – Soevereiniteit.............................................................................................................................................23
1.3.1 De betekenissen van soevereiniteit.......................................................................................................23
1.4 – Constituties en grondwetten......................................................................................................................23
1.5 – Staatsrecht..................................................................................................................................................23
1.5.1 Hoofdvragen van het staatsrecht...........................................................................................................23
1.5.2 Waar staat het staatsrecht?...................................................................................................................24
1.6 – Rechtsstaat.................................................................................................................................................24
1.7 – Democratie.................................................................................................................................................24
1.7.1 Directe democratie.................................................................................................................................24
1.7.2 Indirecte democratie..............................................................................................................................25
Hoofdstuk 5. De centrale overheid.........................................................................................................................26
5.1 – inleiding......................................................................................................................................................26
5.2 – Staten-Generaal..........................................................................................................................................26
3
, 5.2.1 Verkiezing van de kamers.......................................................................................................................26
5.2.2 Ontbinding..............................................................................................................................................26
5.2.3 Parlementaire voorrechten....................................................................................................................26
5.2.4 Regeling van werkzaamheden...............................................................................................................26
5.2.9 Zelfstandigheid der kamers....................................................................................................................26
5.3.7 Eerste Kamerverkiezingen......................................................................................................................27
5.5 – Regering......................................................................................................................................................27
5.5.1 Koning en minister.................................................................................................................................27
5.5.2 Kabinet/ministerraad.............................................................................................................................27
5.5.3 Vertrouwensregel en verantwoording...................................................................................................28
5.6 – Werking parlementair stelsel.....................................................................................................................28
5.6.1 Ministeriële verantwoordelijkheid.........................................................................................................28
5.6.2 Vertrouwen............................................................................................................................................28
5.6.3 Inlichtingenplicht....................................................................................................................................28
5.6.4 Ontbinding..............................................................................................................................................28
5.6.5 Mondisme en dualisme..........................................................................................................................28
Hoofdstuk 6. Wetgeving..........................................................................................................................................30
6.1 – Inleiding......................................................................................................................................................30
6.2 – Wat is wetgeving?......................................................................................................................................30
6.2.1 Wet in materiële zin...............................................................................................................................30
6.2.2 Wet in formele zin..................................................................................................................................30
6.3 – Bevoegdheidsgrondslag voor wetgeving...................................................................................................30
6.3.1 Artikel 81 Grondwet...............................................................................................................................30
6.3.2 ‘Lagere’ wetgevers.................................................................................................................................30
6.4 – Wie maakt wetgeving?...............................................................................................................................31
6.4.1 Grondwet...............................................................................................................................................31
6.4.2 (Rijks)wet................................................................................................................................................31
6.4.3 Wet.........................................................................................................................................................31
6.5 – Hiërarchie van wetgeving...........................................................................................................................32
Hoofdstuk 10. Grondrechten..................................................................................................................................33
10.1 – Inleiding....................................................................................................................................................33
10.3 – Waar vinden grondrechten bescherming?...............................................................................................33
10.4 – De veelgelaagde Europese grondrechten................................................................................................33
10.4.1 De vele lagen........................................................................................................................................33
10.4.2 Verschillende interpretaties?...............................................................................................................33
10.5 – Soorten grondrechten..............................................................................................................................34
10.5.1 Klassieke rechten/vrijheidsrechten......................................................................................................34
10.5.2 Sociale rechten.....................................................................................................................................34
10.5.3 ‘Positive obligations’............................................................................................................................34
10.6 – Horizontale werking.................................................................................................................................34
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