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B6 - Inheritance variation and evolution
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B6 – Inheritance variation and evolutionChromosomes####long molecules of DNA
DNA####the chemical that all genetic material is made from
Gene####small section of DNA found on a chromosome
What does a gene do?####codes for a particular sequence of amino acids
Genome####entire set of genetic material in an organism
What is DNA made of?####nucleotides
What are nucleotides made of?####sugar, phosphate, base
What type of pairing is done by bases?####complementary
How many bases code an amino acid?####3
mRNA####a molecule that copies code from DNA and carries it to ribosomes
What carries amino acids to ribosomes?####carrier molecules
Mutuation####random change in organsation of DNA
What are the 3 types of mutation?####insertationdeletionsubstitution
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?####23
Speciation####development of new species
What is the problem with selective breeding?####reduction in gene pool - resistance to disease
mitosis####cell division in eukaryotic cells (to form identical daughter cells)
meiosis####process of producing gametes
Genetic engineering####transferring genes between organisms
How is genetic engineering done?####useful gene isolated from genomeusing enzymegene inserted
into vectorvector introduced to target organism
vector (genetic engineering)####virus or bacterial plasmid
What happens if gene is transferred whilst organism is egg/embryo?####organism develops with
characteristic coded for by gene
Eg: used of genetic engineering?####produce insulinGM cropsmilk with drugs to treat diseasegene
therapt
Eg: GM crop####Golden Rice - high in beta carotene (Vit A)
Gene therapy####inserting working genes into people with (inherited) diseases
What are the cons of GM crops?####reduce biodiversitytransplanted genes transferred to
environmentdependence on one type of crop (capitalism..)
How can plants be cloned?####tissue culturecuttings
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