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samenvatting Akoestiek 2: H2 & H3: golven en akoestische grootheden
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samenvatting Akoestiek 2: hoofdstuk 2 & 3: golven en akoestische grootheden
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Akoestiek2022-2023: Pieter SCHEVENELS
Hoofdstuk 2 & 3_golven & akoestische grootheden
INHOUD
Geluidsgolven ......................................................................................................................................... 2
• Soorten golven ........................................................................................................................... 2
− Elektromagne�sche golven..................................................................................................... 2
− Mechanische golven ............................................................................................................... 2
• Geluid = longitudinale mechanische golf .................................................................................... 2
− Wiskundig: 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴(𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 + 𝜑𝜑) ............................................................................................ 2
• Geluidvoortplan�ngssnelheid..................................................................................................... 2
Geluiddrukniveau en dB ......................................................................................................................... 2
• Geluiddruk ρ ............................................................................................................................... 2
• Logaritmische schaal .................................................................................................................. 3
Frequen�e en Hz .................................................................................................................................... 3
• Frequen�e f ................................................................................................................................ 3
• Octaa�anden ............................................................................................................................. 3
• Tertsbanden ................................................................................................................................ 3
A-weging: correc�e dB – Hz – gehoor .................................................................................................... 3
• Isofoonlijnen ............................................................................................................................... 3
Lp en Lw ................................................................................................................................................... 4
• Geluiddrukniveau Lp ................................................................................................................... 4
• Geluidvermogenniveau Lw .......................................................................................................... 4
Bijzonder (storende) fenomenen............................................................................................................ 4
− Hoe vermijden? (minstens 1 v. volgende) ............................................................................... 4
• Staande golven ........................................................................................................................... 4
• Fluter echo ................................................................................................................................ 5
Pagina 1 van 5
, Geluidsgolven
• Soorten golven
− Elektromagne�sche golven
· Licht, radiogolven, X-stralen,… → elektromagne�sch spectrum
− Mechanische golven
· Transport v. energie, niet massa
· Longitudinaal: bew.rich�ng deeltjes = zelfde als voorplan�ngsrich�ng
◦ O.a. geluid in lucht
· Transversaal: bew.rich�ng loodrecht op voortplan�ngsrich�ng
◦ O.a. geluid in bouwelementen
• Geluid = longitudinale mechanische golf
− Wiskundig: 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴(𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 + 𝜑𝜑)
· A = amplitude: gee� weer # dB: groter = luider
2𝜋𝜋
· k = golfgetal (1/m) =
𝜆𝜆
λ = golflengte = lengte v. 1 volledige gol�ew. (heen- en weer) (m)
· ω = hoeksnelh. (1/s) = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
𝜔𝜔
f = frequen�e (toonhoogte) = (1/s = Hz)
2𝜋𝜋
1
periode T = = �jd v. 1 volledige gol�ew.
𝑓𝑓
· ϕ = fase = voor- of achterlopen v.d. golf (niet v. belang voor dit vak)
• Geluidvoortplan�ngssnelheid
− Voorplan�ngssnelheid c = golflengte * frequen�e: 𝑐𝑐 = 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆
= Constante
= 340 m/s
Geluiddrukniveau en dB
• Geluiddruk ρ
− Groot waarneembaarh.bereik
− Sterkte geluid = logaritmische grootheid met basis 10
𝑝𝑝²
− Geluiddrukniveau 𝑳𝑳𝒑𝒑 = 10 log10 (dB)
𝑝𝑝0 ²
p0 = referen�e = gehoorgrens 0,00002 Pa
· Gemeten met geluidsmeter/sonometer
◦ Absoluut: kalibreren: geluid uitzenden -> sonometer weet dat …dB = …dB
◦ Rela�ef: niet kalibreren (bv. met gsm)
Pagina 2 van 5
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