Summary of the content in Thermal Physics including Gas Laws, Ideal Gas, Internal Energy and Continuous flow. The notes were written according to the most recent specification. They include in depth explanations of each point in the spec, descriptions of required practicals and key formulas.
The the to, the
higher higher
kinetic
the
average energy.
Einternal Ekinetic=
+
Epotential
doesn't increased
Total
energy change, butinternal can be
by heating or
doing work.
~ Internal Energ I ne
How point?
water can below
pracorate boiling
some
timeasure of
molecules
K.E.
have high energy
and
escape
K.E and
when
heating.
some will have
larger can
evaporate.
How cools people down?
sweating
heat used sweat-sweatmeds
energy
to
is
vaponise your energy
to
become
-> to down. gas
goes
En stays the same
Ep4because
bonds are broken
& particles
Ek
gain as
water in heated
, specificHeat capacitbirature of
lay
a substance by
of
a
a
a mcAT
"x
gtx
= =
Specific Heat:
Latent
of
energy required to
change the state
lag a substance
of
without of th
-> a
change
a mL
=
Qing*g
Gas Laws
Boyle's Law:T constant =
and
inversely proportional
p I are
If the volumet, particles will collide with each other
and the container,
increasingthe pressure
Charle's law:P:constant
directly
V is
proportional to 7.
If ER. Collisions.
gas, particles gain
thatthe
you
frequent. Volume to
4
are more maintain
4 absolute
at zero particles the
have internal
same
pressure.
minimum energy.
:their k.Etends to zero
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