Summary of the topic Capacitors including description of the structure of a capacitor, charging and discharging processes. The notes were written according to the most recent specification. They include in depth explanations of each point in the spec, diagrams and key formulas.
Capacitors
1) Made
up
of two
conducting plates separated by a
gap or
dialectric all
a
2) When
(insulating
connected
mater:
and
positive negative change
to
power source,
a
build uniform electric field.
up
on
opposite plates, creating a
C (F cv-] Capacitance
=
potential difference
charge unit
=
-
per
How dielectric
The
a increases
capacitance?
1) dielectric has polar molecules.
2) When a
change is
applied to
a
capacitor,
an electric field is
generated which causes the
molecules ends
to
align themselves (negative are
attracted to the
positively charged plate and vice
versal
3) This creates an electric field to the electric field of the capacitor
opposing
field
The
larger the
permitivity,
the
larger the
opposing
is.
4) This reduces the overall dectric field which reduces the
potential difference so
the increases
capacitance of material
permitivity dialectric constant
a
->
I
(how good allowing
material at
Ex-relative permitivity
is a
c
E
=
3 Gx = x
For air
=
3r =
field lines
1
to
compared
propagate to in a
vacuum)
&permitivity of free
space
8.85x1012
galler:
-I GC, Cz
+ +
3 itot tC3
, stored
Energy
-
as
'Area under the
graph of
charge stored
III)(v
diference
againstpotential across the capacitor.
= zar=ter
=
=
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