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Biology A-Level - Photosynthesis Summary
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Succinct summary of photosynthesis for A-level biology!
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lightenergy
6002 + 6H20 - CGH,z06 +602
Chlorophyll
Photosynthesis is the process where energy
is
from light used to break apartthe strong
bonds in A.O.
It forms glucose and oxygen
waste
It is a series of chemical reactions product
controlled enzymes in 2 main stages:
by
1. The lightdependentreaction
2. The
lightindependentreaction
Limiting factors: Photosynthesis also relies
Light on
coenzymes which aids
SA
Temperature the function of an enzyme.
⑱2 levels chemical great
they transfera to another.
is
coenzyme in photosynthesis
transfers it from one
NADP. It
molecule to another in REDOX
reactions.
structure of chloroplasts:
They are flattered organelles thatare also
double membraned (chloroplast envelope)
found in thylaloid membrane by
I keeps photosynthesis reactants
to reaction sites
-contain chlorophyll which close
absorbs photons
of light (blue/red) for photosynthesis.
- sugars, organic acids,
oil droplets.
where the dependent
light
->
reaction takes place
, photosynthetic pigments in chlorophyll:chlorophyla,
chrophyll b, carotene. - in
thylakoid membrane +
attached to proteins.
2 photosystems to capture lightenergy:
Photosystem 1 (PSI) absorbs bestat 700nm
· -
·photosystem 11 (PSID absorbs best 680nm
at
-
M
A LightDependent Reaction ⑪①
① nee
Lightabsorbed used for:photophosphorylation
NOT USED IN photolysis
reduced NADP
making
LCHTDEP,
~
6C02 +6H20-CoH,Op+ 602
A
used in light
dep
reaction
made in light
dep reaction-wask
NowCychPhoto
phosphorylation product lost try
starte
the
1. Lightenergy (photons, blue-red spectrum) is absorbed
by PSII in chlorophyll. This excitedze- to a
higher energy level.
2. These le-leave the
chlerophyll, oxidising it, and
enter the election carrier molecule, reducing it.
This continues along the e-transfer chain.
3. The e-leaving ps1I must
be replaced - thus
occurs
through photolysis. Light energy splits He0 into
protons, e- and 202
4. As ze- move through e-transfer chain, they
rose
energy. This energy is useda to movecone.
Ht
into the thylaboids so ithas higher
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