Summary Notes AQA A-level Physics Paper 3 - Thermodynamics
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Course
Engineering Physics
Institution
AQA
Summary Notes of the Thermodynamics module in A level Physics including Laws of Thermodynamics, Heat Engines, Engine Efficiencies, Reverse Heat Engines and etc. The notes were written according to the most recent specification. They include in depth explanations of each point in the spec, helpful ...
Internal
Energy
Sum of kinetic and
potential energy of the
particles
For an ideal
gas:
U ENGT,
=
absolute
at zero v 0,=
k. E =
0
Thermal equilibrium no =
heattransfer
net
Zeroth law:two objects which are in thermal equilibrium with a
third,
with
be
must in thermal equilibrium each other
workis
If done, to of the
objects increases due to increased internal
There
energy. is no
heating. E.g compression/expansion of a
gas
FirstLaw
if+, work is done BY the
system (gas is
expanding)
① =
AU + W-if-, work is done ON the
system (compression
If the piston moves downwards:
molecules are pushed together
Udue
·causing an increase
in to
increased K.E and P.E
Volume decreases work done the
gas
-
on
WI-), Q (0) ,
aN(+)
If the pulled outwards If
the held place,
piston is
piston is at
gas expanding, with
work done the work done
is
by no is
If healed:U4as K.E4
energy decreases, AUI)
internal
If cooled:Un K. Eh
Volume
as
work has been done
increases -
by the
gas
, !Qin* -
AU Q-(-w) a
=
=
+ w 3. Q out
--
->
AV = -
q (-
-
w)
Won,- Won W Q
=
-
-
2. AU=R-W
Qins 4. Rout AV = -
Q-W
Why it
Why it
FirstLaw closed Non-flow
systems
~ -
in
processes
intral energy the to
- only depends on
·Assume the ideal
gas is
·Assume work done causes a
change in volume
PV nRT systems allow How
PI=P to
=
a
gas
Isothermal
Changes
ConstantT = AU =0 Q :W
P
·in
194
/2 - 3 isotherm
=
pV=constant, P, U, PzU2 =
the
Work donewarea under the isoturmal move
~
V
TcT2 Q =-W
Compression: -
Expansion:Q W :
Ve VI
Reversible othermal contained walled
is
process:gas is in this highly
conducting vessel (extra workmustbe done)
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