Which of the following statements is true about diabetes mellitus?
a. Type 2 diabetes is the result of the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin.
b. Diabetes is diagnosed after two fasting plasma glucose readings over 125 mg/dL.
c. Non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is another name f...
Ebersole and Hess' Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging 5th Edition Touhy Test Bank
Metabolic Disorders
Chapter 20: Metabolic Disorders
Touhy & Jett: Ebersole and Hess’ Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging, 5th
Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following statements is true about diabetes mellitus?
a. Type 2 diabetes is the result of the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin.
b. Diabetes is diagnosed after two fasting plasma glucose readings over 125 mg/dL.
c. Non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is another name for type 1 diabetes.
d. The incidence of diabetes mellitus does not increase with age.
ANS: B
Whereas a fasting plasma glucose reading of over 125 mg/dL is considered diabetes, a level
between 110 mg/dL and 125 mg/dL is considered to be impaired fasting glucose. Type 2
diabetes is present when insulin is produced but does not lower the blood glucose level. Type
1 diabetes was formerly called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and type 2 diabetes was
formerly called non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
2. Which laboratory results are goals for reducing a person’s risk for diabetes and heart disease?
a. Triglyceride value greater than 150 mg/dL
b. Cholesterol value 250 mg/dL
c. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) level greater than 40 mg/dL
NUless
d. Fasting blood glucose value
RSIthan
NG150
TB.C OM
mg/dL
ANS: C
To reduce the risk for diabetes and heart disease, the serum triglycerides value should be less
than 150 mg/dL. The cholesterol value should be less than 200 mg/dL to reduce the risk for
heart disease and diabetes. The HDL level should be greater than 40 mg/dL to reduce the risk
for heart disease and diabetes. The fasting blood glucose value should be less than 126 mg/dL.
3. When teaching a patient about foods that do not increase blood glucose, which should the
nurse include?
a. White bread
b. Baked beans
c. Broccoli
d. Corn
ANS: C
This study source was downloaded by 100000869052700 from CourseHero.com on 07-17-2023 14:54:59 GMT -05:00
, Ebersole and Hess' Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging 5th Edition Touhy Test Bank
Broccoli does not raise blood glucose levels. White bread quickly breaks down to glucose and
therefore tends to cause a rapid, brief rise in the blood sugar level. Whole grains provide a
more sustained release of glucose and are a better source of carbohydrates. The blood glucose
level increases after eating baked beans, but the increase occurs more slowly, reaching a lower
level of hyperglycemia and remaining for a longer period. Corn is a starchy vegetable and
raises the blood glucose level almost as much as sugar itself.
4. An older man with diabetes mellitus complains to the nurse that his feet feel like they are
burning. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend to this older adult
to reduce his discomfort?
a. Wear well-fitting leather shoes.
b. Wear knee-high nylon stockings.
c. Soak his feet in warm water.
d. Apply antifungal powder on his feet.
ANS: A
The older adult is potentially experiencing a peripheral neuropathy from peripheral nerve
damage from hyperglycemia. To prevent trauma to his feet, the nurse instructs him to wear
comfortable, well-fitting, tie-on shoes with a broad toe space and low heels for protection.
Nylon stockings for men tend to have restrictive ends that can inhibit tissue perfusion;
because this patient is at risk for peripheral tissue damage, the constricted area can break
down. The nurse also instructs him to avoid sitting with one leg crossed over the other or with
both legs crossed at the knee; these positions restrict blood flow to the feet. Foot soaks can
potentially cause excessive dryness. To maintain skin integrity, feet should be washed daily
NURSsuch
but not soaked. Irritating chemicals
INGasTB.C OM powder and corn or wart preparations
antifungal
should not be used on the feet of individuals with diabetes.
PTS: 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 272 TOP: Teaching and Learning
MSC: Physiological Integrity
5. The older adult who has type 2 diabetes mellitus has a sensory impairment and unstable blood
sugar levels. Which of the following alterations in sensory function does the nurse address in
the plan of care for stabilizing the blood sugar?
a. Requires reading glasses at 2.0 strength
b. Has difficulty hearing in crowded rooms
c. Enjoys spicy food more than bland food
d. Awakens with periodic left-foot numbness
ANS: B
The nurse focuses on the hearing impairment to plan care for stabilizing this patient’s blood
glucose level; hearing impairment is a factor that affects blood glucose control in older adults
with diabetes mellitus. Reading glasses at 2.0 are medium-strength glasses, and the need for
such glasses is common and not considered a visual impairment. A preference for spicy food
does not indicate an impaired sense of taste. Although numbness is a sensory impairment,
episodic numbness associated with sleeping is more likely to be caused by a poorly positioned
extremity.
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