An analysis of the foreign policy and relations in Britain through the early 1950s to early 1960s, including British led aspects, US led aspects and Mutual aspects. This document is extremely detailed in these notes as well as summaries on Britain's role in the Cold War.
Foreign Policy 1951-1964
Created @November 12, 2022 8:56 PM
Topic Foreign Policy
Gov and PM Churchill Conservatives Eden Macmillan
Type Lecture
How would one characterize the relationship with America?
Background: Churchill’s Three Circles, aka; Geometric Conceit, he believed Britain
would be a separate entity that would unite the USA, Europe and the
Commonwealth.
British Led ←———————→ US Dominated
British Led Aspects:
Paris Summit 1960:
Britain essentially had to persuade the USA to converse with
USSR leaders. On May 17th 1960 the leaders of the Soviet
Union, USA, Great Britain and France met in Paris to discuss
the situation in Berlin.
The Soviet Union wanted Berlin to be designated as a ‘Free
City’ with minimal military presence from other powers, and
also wanted to conclude a Peace Treaty with East Germany.
The Western Powers were determined not to allow West
Berlin fall under Soviet Influence and had repeatedly pointed
to the agreements made in the war time summits. This
summit was an opportunity to try and agree some kind of
compromise.
On May 1st the USSR announced that it had shot down an
Foreign Policy 1951-1964 1
, American U2 Spy Plane. The Americans denied the claim,
only to have to back track and admit that a plane had flown
over Soviet Territory when Khruschev ordered photographic
evidence to be released. Khruschev demanded a public
apology for the incident from the US President, Eisenhower,
and also demanded assurances that the US would never
violate Soviet Air Space again. Eisenhower refused to
apologise and rejected the demands for assurances.
The Paris Summit and the U2 incident made it clear that
espionage was ongoing and that both parties were suspicious
of each other. It led to an escalation of the Cold War.
Iranian Coup 1953:
It was the overthrow of the democratically elected Prime
Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in favor of strengthening the
monarchical rule of the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, on
19 August 1953. It was aided by the United States (under the
name TPAJAX Project or "Operation Ajax") and the United
Kingdom (under the name "Operation Boot").
Despite the British government's pressure, the National
Security Archive
released two declassified documents in August 2017 which
confirm the British solicitation of the United States' assistance
in ousting Mosaddegh. I.e. Britain suggested the idea to
America.
According to these records, the British first approached the
American government about a plan for the coup in November
1952 "repeatedly" asking U.S. to join the coup, claiming that
the Mosaddegh government would be ineffective in
Foreign Policy 1951-1964 2
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