Summary Full Revision of Social Reforms in Russia 1860s-1960s
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Course
1H - Tsarist and Communist Russia
Institution
AQA
Full Revision of Social Reforms in Russia 1860s-1960s split into 4 sections, Tsarist and Post Tsarist. It's very detailed, perfect for the last steps of revision before A-Levels
Leader(s) Alexander II Alexander III Lenin Nicholas II Stalin
Section in Spec 1,2,3,4
Type Notes
Section 1 (1855-1894)
Section 2 (1894-1917) Section 3 (1917-1941) Section 4 (1941-1964)
Alexander II and
Nicholas II Lenin and Stalin Stalin and Krushchev
Alexander III
Alexander II: Tsar Nicholas II: Social Class issues: The Social change under
Reformer developments to classless society: - Stalin: - Peasants
Emancipation of the 1914 Working and Bolshevik revolution squeezed by quota
serfs: - 51 million living conditions in was accompanied by system and live in
serfs empancipated in towns: - 2mil factory and active campaign income 20% less than
1861 - Could be seen workers by 1900 - 6mil against the class industrial workers -
as a piece of ‘state- by 1913 - Some enemies of the Towns diets were poot
directed’ manipulation temporary (uneven proletariat = burzhui and housing, services
of society that ained distribution) - 3/4 and were subjected to and consumer goods
to ‘strengthen social people living in St rugh treatment - in short supply -
and political stability’ Peterburg peasants by Official abolition of Working week
rather than the birth compared to 1/3 class hierarchy Nov remained at wartime
product of liberal 50 years earlier - 1917 - Everyone levels norm of 12h per
thinking - 1861 Glossly inadequate became a grazhdanin, day - Women
Emancipation Edict facilities - Filthy plain citizen - Nobility expected to make up
initially applied only to conditions in general - was essentially for war dead
the privately owned 30,000 ppl in St P died abused, by forcing
serfs, the rest in 1866. of cholera 1908-09 - them to do menial
In a way it was good Demand for workers tasks and partitioning
that it was a still rising - Breeding thier houses into
staggered change. - places for political komunalki for the
Although still tied to discontent Working workers - Class
the mir by redemption and living conditions warfare extended to
Social Reforms 1
, payments for over 49
Section 1 (1855-1894) rationing in the civil
years - TwoII year Section 2 (1894-1917) Section 3 (1917-1941)
war - Trying to get ris Section 4 (1941-1964)
Alexander and
perios of temporary Nicholas II Lenin and Stalin
of Nepmen and kulaks Stalin and Krushchev
Alexander III
obligation before - Flourishing idea of
in countryside: -
freedom was granted the perfect socialist
Conditions did not
= If everyone released man The Proletariat:
improve substantially -
at the same time, it - Rule and labour
Strip farming persited
could have caused a discipline was
on 90% of the land
major collapse, tightened - Internal
and there was still
therefore the passports issued to
widespread rural
staggering of the stop workers leaving
pverty - Wide gap
emancipation and the theit employment - By
between richer and
control measures 1921 workers
poorer peasants - only
were imposed, either imprisoned or shot if
3.5 mil out of 97mil
that or to create a they failed to meet
were able to profit
false hope of change targets = led to ppl
from migration to
(although Alexander lying about progress -
Siberia Social
II’s upbringing would Ppl forced to emigrate
Divisions: - Nobility
actually lead to to towns, the urban
suffered a lot - No
believe that it was a labour force was
redistributive taxation
mixture of both, with doubled by 1932 -
or attacks - Still had a
liberal intentions but a Seven-day working
bunch of their
realistic approach), week and longer
privileges - Middel
this however may not working hours - 1931
class challenged the
have been seen traditional legal the introduction of
through his other wage differentials,
strcture of ‘nobles,
reforms, where the bonuses, payment by
merchants, cleargy
jump might have been the piece (to increase
and peasantry’ -
a little too high which productivity) and
Group grew as force
could eventually lead opportunities for better
as management and
to his death. - Kulaks housing to reward
professional positions
did well ~ 50% skills and devoted
and became more in
producing surplus, application produced a
demand in the
which is 50% more more diverse
increasingly comples
than before - More proletariat -
industrialising society -
people going to the Stakhanovite
Population growth and
cities and helping movement:
economic
industrialisation - propaganda campaign
development affected
Although many increased ‘socialist
the workers and
peasants still felt competition’ -
peasantry the most
cheated
Social Reforms 2
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