Summary Twentieth Century Perspectives Notes for Religious Studies A Level
5 views 0 purchase
Course
G581 - A2 Philosophy of Religion
Institution
OCR
These notes follow the specification whilst compiling information and knowledge from resources both within and outside of the curriculum. These notes cover all the necessary sub topics for the exam with key topics, such as the verification principle, Hume's fork, and the challenge of falsification,...
The Vienna Circle, its background, and AJ Ayer
- roots in Hume’s fork which makes the distinction between matters of facts
(empirical knowledge) and relations of ideas (rational knowledge)
- anything that isn’t a synthetic or analytic statement must be rejected, Hume
calls to ‘commit it then to the flames, for it can contain nothing but
sophistry and illusion.’ it is just meaningless wordplay in between the
region of empiricism and rationalism
- in the 1920s the Vienna Circle was developed the concept of logical
positivism which maintains that all philosophy should be centred around
things that can is meaningful and can be criticised
The Verification Principle
- AJ Ayer developed the strong and weak verification principle
- strong: a statement is meaningful if it can be verified immediately
- weak: a statement is meaningful if it can be verified in theory
- ‘only assertions that were in principle verifiable by observation or
experience could convey factual information’ Ayer
It’s success in rendering RL as meaningless
1. Locke’s notion of primary v secondary qualities shows how observations
can be trusted and used for verification as primary qualities of an
experience do not rely on perception
2. if language is used differently and imperfectly when applied to God, is it
still meaningful if it’s not meaningful in the same way?
3. ‘unless he can formulate his ‘knowledge’ in propositions that are
empirically verifiable, we may be sure that he is deceiving himself.’
Ayer
4. man is at an epistemic distance from God and shouldn’t make statements
that our beyond our possible experience
It’s failure in rendering RL as meaningless
1. Hume’s notion that non synthetic/analytic statements are meaningless
can’t be verified through reason or observation. The theory itself can’t be
verified.
2. can verifications be trusted if observations are deceiving (Cartesian doubt
and ‘cogito ergo sum’)
3. Berkley challenges empiricism by arguing there are no objective
observations, ‘esse est percepi’, or ‘to be is to be perceived.’ Hanson
maintained the idea that nothing can be verified neutrally, perspective
gets in the way.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sienafashionspam. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.20. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.