Summary of lecture notes from the Diversity of Life module (term 1). Notes include the topics Plant evolution in action and Evolution of land plants. Notes are very clear and contain colourful images and diagrams.
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Diversity of Life
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Diversity of Life Notes – Plant evolution in action and Evolution of land plants:
Lecture 1 – An introduction to Angiosperm Diversity:
Amborella trichopoda – earliest angiosperm. Simple structure without
properly defined xylem, has tracheids instead.
Grasses-
Magnolia grandiflora – early angiosperm animal relationships, beetle
pollination, food reward for the pollinator
Victoria amazonica – member of water lily family, flower opens and attracts
beetles, beetles gain food reward, a social environment and a thermal
reward, long flowering season, but short life of each flower.
Leucadendron uliginosum – wind and beetle pollination, ancient group of
eudicots, seeds will not germinate unless there is a fire (triggered into
germination by chemicals in smoke).
Gorteria diffusa – mimickery of beetles, beetle pollination, flowers odourless,
rarely offering nectar
Gazania rigida –
Ursinia calenduliflora – beetles see in ultraviolet so can’t see the colours,
head to the darkest place
Helicodericeros muscivorus – fly pollination, eggs laid around mouth of
flower
Amorphophallus rivieri – mimickery,
Hoodia gordonii – milkweed plant, attractive due to smell
Stapelia variegata –
Erica densifolia – narrow flower tubes,
Galanthus nivalis – bee pollination, niche operator as flower very early in the
season
Paeonia peregrine – in cold weather, the petals close to protect pollinators
and delicate sexual structures
Pleione bulbocodioides -
Echium pininana – flowers build up electrostatic field and this can be picked
up by the bee, bee can sense the strength of the field
Oenothera biennis – pollination by vespertine
Strelitzia reginae – bird pollination
Lecture 2 – Adaptations to seasonally dry environments:
New World Cacti:
Echinocactus grusonii: Cactasi is a huge plant family of angiosperms. Apart
from one species, all are found in the Americas. All these habitats have a
period of aridity.
Absence of leaves.
Small surface area to volume ratio.
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